Here are five challenges faced by independent churches and schools during the colonial period: Harassment and persecution by the colonial government*, which viewed them with suspicion as centers of African nationalism. Lack of funding and resources*, making it difficult to acquire land, building materials, and educational supplies. Shortage of trained personnel*, including qualified teachers and religious leaders. Opposition from mainstream missionary churches*, which often condemned them as schismatic. Denial of registration by the colonial government*, making their operations illegal and vulnerable. Last free one today — make it count tomorrow, or type /upgrade for unlimited.