QUESTION 2 2.1 2.2 Discuss the importance of teachers’ qualifications as an indicator of the quality of education in the Foundation Phase. Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow. One factor that stands out in history as a contribution to the growth of ECE is the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution is a historical period between the 18th and 19th centuries, when work shifted from manual labour to being done by machines. The earliest cranes were constructed from wood, but cast iron and steel took over with the onset of the Industrial Revolution. All aspects of human life and economic activities were affected by the Industrial Revolution, including agriculture, shipping and all forms of manufacturing. The Industrial Revolution created a major demand for labour. More people were needed to operate the machinery and equipment that came with industrialisation. According to Kamerman (2006), these developments influenced how young children were cared for and protected. 2.2.1 Evaluate the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the care of young children. In other words, what do you think changed after the Industrial Revolution when it comes to childcare? 2.2.2 Briefly discuss how children were cared for before the Industrial Revolution

Question 1: 2.2.1 Evaluate the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the care of young children. In other words, what do you think changed after the Industrial Revolution when it comes to childcare?

The Industrial Revolution significantly altered the care of young children by creating a major demand for labor, which led to parents, including mothers, increasingly working outside the home in factories and mines. This shift meant that children could no longer be cared for solely within the home by their parents or extended family during the day. Consequently, there was a growing need for alternative childcare arrangements, leading to the emergence of early forms of institutionalized care, such as nurseries and daycares, to look after children while their parents worked. This marked a move away from traditional, family-centered childcare towards more structured, often external, care settings.

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Question 2: 2.2.2 Briefly discuss how children were cared for before the Industrial Revolution

Before the Industrial Revolution, children were primarily cared for within the home by their mothers, extended family members, or older siblings. Care was largely family-centered and community-based, with children often integrated into household chores or agricultural work from a young age. There was less emphasis on formal, external childcare institutions, as families typically lived and worked together, allowing for constant supervision and involvement in daily life.