State three reasons why early man hunted in groups and describe six cultural and economic practices of early man during the middle stone age.

You're on a roll — here are the answers to the remaining questions from Section B: 18. (a) State three reasons why early man hunted in groups. To increase safety* from dangerous predators. To effectively hunt larger and more dangerous animals* that were difficult for an individual to tackle. To improve the success rate* of hunts by coordinating efforts and trapping prey. 18. (b) Describe six cultural and economic practices of early man during the middle stone age. Refined Tool Making*: Early man developed more specialized and efficient stone tools, such as spear points, scrapers, and blades, using techniques like pressure flaking. Use of Fire*: Fire was extensively used for cooking food, providing warmth, protection from wild animals, and hardening spear tips. Hunting and Gathering*: The primary economic activities involved systematic hunting of various animals and extensive gathering of wild fruits, nuts, roots, and berries. Shelter Construction*: They lived in caves or constructed temporary shelters using natural materials like branches, leaves, and animal hides. Burial Practices*: Evidence suggests early man began burying their dead, sometimes with grave goods, indicating early forms of ritual or belief in an afterlife. Early Art and Symbolism*: The creation of cave paintings, engravings, and personal adornments like beads emerged, signifying symbolic thought and cultural expression. 19. (a) State three factors which led to the emergence of trade among communities in Africa. Availability of surplus goods*: Communities produced more than they needed, creating excess for exchange. Need for goods not locally available*: Desire for resources or products that could not be found or produced in their own region. Specialization of production*: Different communities specialized in producing certain goods due to environmental factors or unique skills. 19. (b) Discuss six negative impacts of modern communication on society. Spread of Misinformation*: Modern communication platforms can rapidly disseminate false information and fake news, leading to public confusion, social unrest, and manipulation of opinions. Cyberbullying and Harassment*: The anonymity and reach of online platforms facilitate cyberbullying, online harassment, and hate speech, causing psychological distress and harm to individuals. Privacy Concerns and Data Breaches*: Extensive sharing of personal data online makes individuals vulnerable to privacy breaches, identity theft, and misuse of personal information by malicious actors or corporations. Addiction and Mental Health Issues*: Excessive use of social media and digital devices can lead to addiction, anxiety, depression, reduced attention spans, and social isolation. Reduced Face-to-Face Interaction*: Over-reliance on digital communication can diminish the quality and frequency of real-life social interactions, potentially weakening interpersonal relationships and community bonds. Digital Divide*: Unequal access to modern communication technologies creates a "digital divide," exacerbating existing socio-economic inequalities between those with and without access to information and opportunities. 20. (a) Give three economic activities of the Shona Empire during the pre-colonial period. Agriculture*: They cultivated crops such as millet, sorghum, and maize. Mining*: They engaged in extensive mining of gold, copper, and iron. Trade*: They conducted long-distance trade, exchanging gold, ivory, and animal hides for goods like cloth, beads, and porcelain from Swahili and Arab merchants. 20. (b) Discuss the social organization of the Asante Empire in the pre-colonial period. Matrilineal System*: The Asante society was organized along matrilineal lines, where inheritance and succession to political office, including the Golden Stool, passed through the mother's lineage. Clan System*: Society was structured into clans, each with its own head, but all clans owed allegiance to the Asantehene, the supreme ruler. Asantehene as Supreme Ruler*: The Asantehene was the political, military, and spiritual head of the entire Asante Union, symbolizing the unity and power of the empire. Omanhene and Divisional Chiefs*: Below the Asantehene were the Omanhene (paramount chiefs) who ruled over divisions (Oman) and were members of the Asantehene's council, administering their territories. Council of Elders*: Each Omanhene was advised by a council of elders, who played a crucial role in governance, judicial matters, and maintaining traditional customs. Age-Set System*: While not as dominant as in some other societies, age-sets played a role in social structure, particularly in military organization and community labor. What's next? 📸