Use all the information you have learnt in this topic to write an essay. Explain what happened to change the situation, as shown on the map of South Africa in 1860 in Source C, to that shown on the map of South Africa in 1913 in Source D. Your answer will be marked with the rubric on page 244.

The text states: "In 1910, a Union of South Africa was formed which was ruled by whites."

1. South Africa became a union in 1910.

The text states: "In 1913 a small portion of the land was set aside for black South Africans in the Land Act." 2. The Land Act was made law in 1913.

The text refers to the formation of the "Union of South Africa" and the passing of the "Land Act" within this context. 3. The law was passed in South Africa.

In 1860, as shown in Source C, many African kingdoms in Southern Africa still maintained their independence, and the Boer Republics had limited control over land. By 1902, both the African kingdoms and the Boers had been defeated, leading to increased British influence and consolidation. This culminated in the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, which was governed by whites. By 1913, the Natives Land Act was enacted, as depicted in Source D, which designated only a small fraction of land as "Native Reserves" for black South Africans, effectively dispossessing them of the vast majority of their ancestral lands and entrenching racial segregation in land ownership.

5. Resolving the injustice of the Land Act would involve comprehensive land reform initiatives. This could include land redistribution to communities dispossessed by the Act, providing financial compensation for lost land and opportunities, and implementing policies that promote equitable land ownership and access for all citizens. It would also require acknowledging the historical wrongs and their lasting impact.

6. A letter to the Department of Land Affairs with recommendations could include:

• A call for accelerated and transparent land restitution processes for communities affected by the Land Act.
• Proposals for equitable land redistribution policies that address historical imbalances.
• Recommendations for support programs for new landowners, including access to resources, training, and infrastructure.
• An emphasis on the importance of community consultation and participation in land reform initiatives.