What is a constitution, how can it be changed, when was democracy established in Nepal, and which countries have a written constitution? Define flexible and unwritten constitutions and distribution of

Another one Kareng — let's solve it. 1. Write short answers— a) A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. It outlines the structure of the government, defines the powers of its various organs, and guarantees the rights of its citizens. b) The process of bringing changes to a constitution is called an amendment. c) Democracy was established in Nepal in 1990 with the promulgation of a new constitution that established a multi-party democracy under a constitutional monarchy. d) Three countries having a written constitution are: • India • United States of America • Germany 2. Write short notes— Flexible Constitution: A flexible constitution is one that can be amended by a simple majority vote, similar to ordinary laws. It is easy to change and adapt to new circumstances. Unwritten Constitution: An unwritten constitution is not codified into a single document but is based on a collection of laws, customs, conventions, and judicial precedents. It evolves over time through various sources. Distribution of powers: Distribution of powers refers to the division of governmental authority among different branches (legislative, executive, and judiciary) to prevent the concentration of power in any single entity and ensure checks and balances. 3. Choose the correct answer and put a tick (✓) a) The Constitution of England is unwritten. b) The Indian Constitution is a combination of flexible and rigid. c) The legislature frames law for a country. 4. What are the different types of a constitution? Explain The different types of constitutions are: • Written Constitution: A constitution that is codified into a single, formal document. Examples include the constitutions of India and the United States. • Unwritten Constitution: A constitution that is not contained in a single document but is derived from various sources like statutes, conventions, and judicial decisions. The United Kingdom has an unwritten constitution. • Flexible Constitution: A constitution that can be amended easily, often by the same process used for ordinary lawmaking. The British constitution is an example. • Rigid Constitution: A constitution that requires a special, more difficult process for amendment, typically involving a supermajority or a referendum. The United States Constitution is an example. 5. Write answer— a) Two differences between written and unwritten constitution: • A written constitution is systematically codified in a single document, while an unwritten constitution is scattered across various sources like statutes, customs, and judicial precedents. • A written constitution is generally more rigid and difficult to amend, whereas an unwritten constitution is typically more flexible and evolves through practice. b) Two characteristics of a rigid constitution: • It requires a special and complex procedure for amendment, often involving a supermajority vote in the legislature or a referendum. • It provides greater stability and permanence to the fundamental laws, making it harder for temporary majorities to alter core principles. 6. "A constitution is necessary in a democratic country."— Discuss with agreement. A constitution is indeed necessary in a democratic country because it establishes the rule of law, ensuring that no one, including those in power, is above the law. It defines the powers and limitations of the government, preventing authoritarianism and protecting individual liberties and rights. Furthermore, it provides a framework for governance, ensures stability, and outlines the process for peaceful transitions of power, all of which are crucial for the functioning of a healthy democracy. 7. Put the following countries in the right column— India, United States of America, England | Flexible | Rigid | Combination of flexible and rigid | | :------- | :---- | :-------------------------------- | | England | United States of America | India | Send me the next one 📸