Before India gained independence, voting rights were severely restricted. Only about 13% of Indians were allowed to vote, primarily wealthy individuals, landlords, and those with high education and

Before India gained independence, voting rights were severely restricted. Only about 13% of Indians were allowed to vote, primarily wealthy individuals, landlords, and those with high education and property. Ordinary citizens, the poor, and especially women were excluded from participating in elections, meaning the majority of the population had no voice in choosing their leaders.