Explain judicial independence.

Here are the answers to question 3(a) and 3(b) from Section C:

a) Five reasons for the adoption of representative democracy in Nigeria:

1. Large population: Direct democracy is impractical in a country with a large and diverse population like Nigeria, making representation necessary.
2. Efficiency in governance: Elected representatives can dedicate their time to studying complex issues and making informed decisions, which is more efficient than direct citizen participation in all matters.
3. Accountability: Representatives are accountable to their constituents through regular elections, providing a mechanism for citizens to hold them responsible for their actions.
4. Protection of minority rights: A representative system can be designed to ensure that the interests of various groups, including minorities, are considered and protected through their elected representatives.
5. Specialization and expertise: Representatives often bring specialized knowledge and experience to governance, leading to more effective policy-making and administration.

b) Five factors that retard the growth of democracy in Nigeria:

1. Corruption: Widespread corruption undermines public trust in institutions, distorts electoral processes, and diverts resources, hindering democratic development.
2. Poverty and illiteracy: High levels of poverty can make citizens vulnerable to manipulation during elections, while illiteracy can limit their understanding of democratic principles and their rights.
3. Ethno-religious divisions: Deep-seated ethnic and religious sentiments often lead to political polarization, making it difficult to build national consensus and foster inclusive governance.
4. Weak institutions: Institutions such as the judiciary, electoral bodies, and law enforcement agencies may lack independence or capacity, making them susceptible to political interference and unable to effectively uphold democratic norms.
5. Military intervention/influence: A history of military coups and continued military influence in politics has disrupted democratic transitions and weakened civilian rule, making it harder for democratic culture to take root.