What are the effects and causes of corruption, and how is it manifested in Cameroon? Which international body declared Cameroon most corrupt, and when is International Anti-Corruption Day?

Let's tackle these questions, Christelle. QUESTION 1: SECTION A: THE CITIZEN, GROUP AND COMMUNITY DYNAMICS A. i) What is corruption? Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It involves dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery. ii) How is corruption manifested in Cameroon? Corruption in Cameroon manifests through various forms such as bribery (e.g., paying officials for services), embezzlement of public funds, nepotism (favoring relatives), influence peddling, and illicit enrichment. iii) Which international body declared Cameroon as the most corrupt nation in the world in 1998-1999? The international body that declared Cameroon as the most corrupt nation in the world in 1998-1999 was Transparency International. iv) State any one cause of corruption. One cause of corruption is weak governance and institutions, which includes a lack of transparency, accountability, and effective rule of law. B. i) Give one effect of corruption. One effect of corruption is the erosion of public trust in government and institutions, leading to political instability and reduced citizen participation. ii) Which day is being observed as the International Anti-Corruption Day? The International Anti-Corruption Day is observed on December 9th. iii) State two measures put in place by the government of Cameroon to stop corruption. Two measures put in place by the government of Cameroon to stop corruption are: The creation of the National Anti-Corruption Commission (CONAC). The establishment of the Special Criminal Court to prosecute corruption cases involving public funds. C. i) What do you understand by election rigging? Election rigging, also known as electoral fraud, refers to illegal interference with the process of an election to obtain a desired result, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate or decreasing the vote share of rivals. ii) Which structure is responsible for the organization of elections in Cameroon? The structure responsible for the organization of elections in Cameroon is Elections Cameroon (ELECAM). iii) Which body is responsible for proclaiming election results in Cameroon? The body responsible for proclaiming election results in Cameroon is the Constitutional Council. iv) State any two types of elections organized in Cameroon through Universal Suffrage. Two types of elections organized in Cameroon through Universal Suffrage are: Presidential elections. Legislative (Parliamentary) elections. D. i) Define juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency refers to the participation by a minor (under the age of majority) in illegal behavior or activities that would be considered a crime if committed by an adult. ii) Give two other vices apart from the ones mentioned in the extract. (Assuming the extract refers to general misconduct) Two other vices are: Drug abuse. Petty theft. iii) What measures have the government put in place to curb juvenile delinquency? Measures put in place by the government to curb juvenile delinquency include: Establishing rehabilitation centers for young offenders. Implementing educational and vocational training programs to integrate youth into society. QUESTION 2: SECTION A: THE CITIZEN, GROUP AND COMMUNITY DYNAMICS a. Define the Family. The family is generally defined as a primary social group of people related by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption, who typically live together, share economic resources, and care for their young. b. State and explain any four (4) types of families in Cameroon. Four types of families in Cameroon are: Nuclear Family: Consists of a married couple and their biological or adopted children living together. It is often seen as the basic unit of society. Extended Family: Includes the nuclear family along with other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, often living in close proximity or under the same roof. Single-Parent Family: Consists of one parent raising one or more children, often due to divorce, separation, death of a spouse, or choice. Polygamous Family: A family structure where one individual has multiple spouses. In Cameroon, polygyny (one man with multiple wives) is legally recognized in some contexts. c. Outline the responsibilities of the following family stakeholders: i. the parents Providing for the basic needs of children (food, shelter, clothing). Educating and socializing children according to societal norms and values. Protecting children from harm and ensuring their well-being. Instilling moral and ethical values in children. ii. the children Respecting and obeying their parents and elders. Assisting with household chores and family responsibilities. Performing well in their studies and education. Caring for parents in their old age (in many traditional contexts). QUESTION 3 a. Describe three types of councils that exist in Cameroon. Three types of councils that exist in Cameroon are: City Councils (Communautés Urbaines): These are local government bodies responsible for managing large urban areas, often encompassing several smaller communes. They handle major urban infrastructure, planning, and services. Divisional Councils (Conseils de Division): These are administrative bodies at the divisional level, primarily responsible for coordinating development activities and representing the state's interests within a division. Rural Councils (Communes Rurales): These are local government bodies responsible for managing affairs in rural areas, focusing on local development, basic services, and community welfare in villages and smaller towns. b. Outline the sources of Council revenue. Sources of Council revenue include: Local taxes: Such as property taxes, business taxes, and market taxes. Grants and subsidies from the central government: Funds allocated to councils for specific projects or general operations. Fees and charges for services: Payments for services like waste collection, permits, and licenses. Revenue from council-owned enterprises: Income generated from businesses or properties owned by the council. Borrowing: Loans taken from financial institutions for development projects. c. What are the functions of the City Mayor? The functions of the City Mayor typically include: Executive Head: Serving as the chief executive officer of the City Council, implementing its decisions. Administration: Managing the daily administration of the city, including public services and personnel. Budget Management: Preparing and executing the city's budget. Public Order: Ensuring public order and safety within the city. Representation: Representing the city in official capacities and advocating for its interests. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.