Briefly describe each of the modes of reasoning in each case state the direction in which the reasoning moves 1.3.1 Deductive reasoning 1.3.2 inductive reasoning 1.3.3 diagnostic reasoning

Question 1: 1.3.1 Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning starts with general statements or premises and moves to a specific, logically certain conclusion. The direction of reasoning is from general to specific.

---

Question 2: 1.3.2 Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations or instances and moves to a general conclusion or theory that is probable but not certain. The direction of reasoning is from specific to general.

---

Question 3: 1.3.3 Diagnostic reasoning

Diagnostic reasoning involves working backward from observed effects, symptoms, or data to identify the underlying cause or explanation of a phenomenon. The direction of reasoning is from effects/symptoms to causes/explanations.