This geography problem is solved step by step below, with detailed explanations to help you understand the method and arrive at the correct answer.

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4 steps1. Volcano matching
Effusive volcanoes produce runny basaltic lava with low gas content, common at divergent boundaries and hotspots.
a → I (Iceland: hotspot/divergent; East African Rift: divergent)
(Note: Assuming standard pairs for b-e based on typical physical geography; explosive → subduction e.g. Andes/Cascades; cinder cone → Strombolian e.g. Parícutin; composite/central → subduction ring of fire; hotspot shields → Hawaii.)
1b. Two effects of lahars
Lahars are volcanic mudflows mixing water with ash/debris.
Effect 1: Destroy bridges, roads, and buildings by high-speed flow.
Effect 2: Bury farmland, killing crops and livestock.
Effects: infrastructure destruction; agricultural loss
2. Typical weather and climate
(Note: No diagram provided; assuming standard identification e.g. rain, cloud, wind symbols.)
Weather: short-term atmospheric conditions (hours/days).
Climate: average weather over 30+ years.
Difference: Weather varies daily (e.g. sudden rain); climate is long-term pattern (e.g. tropical wet).
Weather vs climate: short-term vs long-term average.
Diagram IDs (assumed): A - rain; B - wind; C - cloud; D - sun.
3. Landform descriptions
(Note: OCR suggests volcanic rock/landforms from lava types.)
i. Gentle/trap profiles of hard rock from mafic lava flows (low viscosity, extensive sheets) e.g. Deccan Traps/basalts.
Mafic flood basalts/plateaus.
ii. Steep profiles of hard rock from felsic lava flows and crystals (high viscosity, domes) e.g. rhyolite domes.
Felsic lava domes.
iii. (Assumed: formation site) At convergent/divergent boundaries where magma rises.
Plate boundaries.
iv. Tube-shaped landforms: lava tubes from pahoehoe flows.
Lava tubes in basaltic regions.
v. (Assumed: crater/caldera) Explosive vents.
Calderas/volcanic craters.
d. Two characteristics of Tropical Rainforest climate/vegetation
Climate: Hot/wet (, rainfall , no dry season).
Vegetation: Dense multilayer canopy, broadleaf evergreens, buttress roots, epiphytes.
High rainfall & temperature; multilayer evergreen forest.
e. Three negative impacts of deforestation
Habitat loss → biodiversity decline (species extinction).
Soil erosion → nutrient loss, sedimentation in rivers.
Carbon release → global warming, disrupted water cycle.
Impacts: biodiversity loss; soil erosion; climate change.
4. World outline map (Section C)
Grand Banks (off Newfoundland, Canada).
North Sea (Europe: UK, Norway).
Grand Banks; North Sea.
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1. Volcano matching Effusive volcanoes produce runny basaltic lava with low gas content, common at divergent boundaries and hotspots.
This geography problem is solved step by step below, with detailed explanations to help you understand the method and arrive at the correct answer.