This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.

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Here are the solutions to the questions:
1. Write 0.000283 in standard form. Step 1: Move the decimal point to the right until it is after the first non-zero digit. Step 2: Count the number of places the decimal point moved. Since it moved 4 places to the right, the exponent of 10 is -4. The correct option is A.
2. What is the next term in the sequence of 2, 5, 11, 23, 47,...? Step 1: Find the difference between consecutive terms. Step 2: Observe the pattern in the differences. The differences are 3, 6, 12, 24, which is a geometric progression where each term is multiplied by 2. The next difference will be . Step 3: Add the next difference to the last term in the sequence. The correct option is D.
3. Arrange the numbers -4, 0, -6 in descending order. Step 1: Descending order means arranging numbers from the largest to the smallest. Step 2: Compare the given numbers: 0 is the largest, followed by -4, and then -6 is the smallest. The correct order is 0, -4, -6. The correct option is D.
4. Find x, if . Step 1: To solve for , take the reciprocal of both sides of the equation. Step 2: Convert the decimal to a fraction or perform the division. Step 3: Simplify the fraction. The correct option is D.
5. If the exterior angles of a quadrilateral are , , and , find the value of x. Step 1: The sum of the exterior angles of any convex polygon is . Set up the equation. Step 2: Combine like terms. Step 3: Isolate the term with . Step 4: Solve for . The correct option is C.
6. What is the value of , where and ? Step 1: Substitute the given values of and into the expression. Step 2: Perform the multiplications. Step 3: Perform the addition. The correct option is C.
7. Evaluate . Step 1: Use the difference of squares formula, . Here, and . Step 2: Perform the operations inside the parentheses. Step 3: Perform the multiplication. The correct option is D.
8. What is the shape of the face of a cylinder? Step 1: A cylinder has two flat bases and a curved lateral surface. Step 2: The flat bases of a cylinder are circular. The correct option is A.
9. Find the mean of the following sets of number 3, 6, 6, 7, 5, 3. Step 1: The mean is the sum of all numbers divided by the count of the numbers. Count of numbers = 6. Step 2: Sum the numbers. Step 3: Calculate the mean. The correct option is D.
10. A father shared the sum of N500.00 among his three children Ayo, Dele and Segun in the ratio of 5:3:2. What is Dele's share? Step 1: Find the total number of ratio parts. Step 2: Determine Dele's share as a fraction of the total. Dele's ratio is 3. Step 3: Calculate Dele's share by multiplying the fraction by the total sum. The correct option is C.
11. Solve the equation . Step 1: Multiply both sides of the equation by 3. Step 2: Subtract 3 from both sides. Step 3: Multiply both sides by -1 to solve for . The correct option is A.
12. If 4 is added to 3 times a certain number, the result is 31. Find the number. Step 1: Let the certain number be . Translate the problem into an algebraic equation. "3 times a certain number" is . "4 is added to 3 times a certain number" is . "the result is 31" means . Step 2: Subtract 4 from both sides of the equation. Step 3: Divide by 3 to solve for . The correct option is A.
13. A shirt that was originally sold for N1,200.00 is now being sold for N1,300.00. What is the percentage increase in its price? Step 1: Calculate the increase in price. Step 2: Calculate the percentage increase using the formula: . Step 3: Simplify the expression. The closest option is 8%. The correct option is C.
14. What is the coefficient of x in the expression ? Step 1: Expand the expression by multiplying the two binomials. Step 2: Combine the like terms involving . Step 3: Identify the coefficient of . The coefficient of is 7. The correct option is D.
15. What is the multiplication inverse of ? Step 1: The multiplicative inverse (or reciprocal) of a number is 1 divided by that number. Step 2: Simplify the complex fraction. The correct option is D.
16. If x varies directly as and when , find the relationship between x and y. Step 1: Write the direct variation relationship. "x varies directly as " means , where is the constant of proportionality. Step 2: Use the given values ( when ) to find the constant . Step 3: Solve for . Step 4: Substitute the value of back into the direct variation equation to find the relationship between and . The correct option is C.
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This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.