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Complete the square in the denominator.

Mathematics

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Answer

13arctan⁡(x+43)+C\frac{1}{3} \arctan\left(\frac{x+4}{3}\right) + C

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To solve the integral ∫1x2+8x+25dx\int \frac{1}{x^2 + 8x + 25} dx, we will complete the square in the denominator and then use a standard integration formula.

  1. Complete the square in the denominator.

    The denominator is x2+8x+25x^2 + 8x + 25. To complete the square for x2+bxx^2 + bx, we add and subtract (b2)2(\frac{b}{2})^2. Here, b=8b=8, so (82)2=42=16(\frac{8}{2})^2 = 4^2 = 16.

    x2+8x+25=x2+8x+16−16+25x^2 + 8x + 25 = x^2 + 8x + 16 - 16 + 25 x2+8x+25=(x+4)2+9x^2 + 8x + 25 = (x+4)^2 + 9
  2. Rewrite the integral using the completed square form.

    ∫1(x+4)2+9dx\int \frac{1}{(x+4)^2 + 9} dx
  3. Apply a substitution to match the standard integral form.

    Let u=x+4u = x+4. Then, du=dxdu = dx.
    The integral becomes:

    ∫1u2+32du\int \frac{1}{u^2 + 3^2} du

    This matches the standard integral form ∫1u2+a2du=1aarctan⁡(ua)+C\int \frac{1}{u^2 + a^2} du = \frac{1}{a} \arctan\left(\frac{u}{a}\right) + C, where a=3a=3.

  4. Integrate and substitute back.

    13arctan⁡(u3)+C\frac{1}{3} \arctan\left(\frac{u}{3}\right) + C

    Substitute u=x+4u = x+4 back into the expression:

    13arctan⁡(x+43)+C\frac{1}{3} \arctan\left(\frac{x+4}{3}\right) + C
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