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Figure 1 shows a right pyramid with a rectangular base such that VC = 25 cm, AD = 12 cm and AB = 16 cm. If VO is the vertical height of the pyramid, calculate the angle between the planes ADCB and VAB.

Mathematics

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Answer

76.0∘76.0^\circ

Step-by-step solution

3 steps
  1. Determine the dimensions of the rectangular base and the height of the pyramid.

    The base ABCD is a rectangle with AD=12AD = 12 cm and AB=16AB = 16 cm.
    Since it's a rectangle, BC=AD=12BC = AD = 12 cm.
    O is the center of the base, and VO is the vertical height of the pyramid.
    First, find the length of the diagonal AC of the base using the Pythagorean theorem in △ABC\triangle ABC:

    AC2=AB2+BC2AC^2 = AB^2 + BC^2 AC2=162+122AC^2 = 16^2 + 12^2 AC2=256+144AC^2 = 256 + 144 AC2=400AC^2 = 400 AC=400=20 cmAC = \sqrt{400} = 20 \text{ cm}

    Since O is the center of the rectangle, OCOC is half of ACAC:

    OC=12AC=12(20)=10 cmOC = \frac{1}{2} AC = \frac{1}{2}(20) = 10 \text{ cm}

    Now, find the vertical height VO using the Pythagorean theorem in △VOC\triangle VOC:

    VC2=VO2+OC2VC^2 = VO^2 + OC^2

    Given VC=26VC = 26 cm:

    262=VO2+10226^2 = VO^2 + 10^2 676=VO2+100676 = VO^2 + 100 VO2=676−100VO^2 = 676 - 100 VO2=576VO^2 = 576 VO=576=24 cmVO = \sqrt{576} = 24 \text{ cm}
  2. Identify the angle between the planes ADCB (base) and VAB.

    The line of intersection of the two planes is AB.
    To find the angle between the planes, we need to find a line in each plane that is perpendicular to the line of intersection (AB) at the same point.
    Let M be the midpoint of AB.
    In the base plane ADCB, the line segment OM is perpendicular to AB (since O is the center and M is the midpoint of a side, OM is parallel to AD and BC, which are perpendicular to AB).
    The length of OM is half the length of AD:

    OM=12AD=12(12)=6 cmOM = \frac{1}{2} AD = \frac{1}{2}(12) = 6 \text{ cm}

    In the plane VAB, the line segment VM is the slant height of the face VAB. Since △VAB\triangle VAB is an isosceles triangle (VA = VB in a right pyramid), VM is perpendicular to AB.
    Therefore, the angle between the planes ADCB and VAB is ∠VMO\angle VMO.

  3. Calculate the angle ∠VMO\angle VMO.

    Consider the right-angled triangle VMO. We have:
    Opposite side to ∠VMO\angle VMO: VO=24VO = 24 cm
    Adjacent side to ∠VMO\angle VMO: OM=6OM = 6 cm
    Using the tangent function:

    tan⁡(∠VMO)=OppositeAdjacent=VOOM\tan(\angle VMO) = \frac{\text{Opposite}}{\text{Adjacent}} = \frac{VO}{OM} tan⁡(∠VMO)=246\tan(\angle VMO) = \frac{24}{6} tan⁡(∠VMO)=4\tan(\angle VMO) = 4 ∠VMO=arctan⁡(4)\angle VMO = \arctan(4) ∠VMO≈75.9637∘\angle VMO \approx 75.9637^\circ

    Rounding to one decimal place:

    ∠VMO≈76.0∘\angle VMO \approx 76.0^\circ

    The angle between the planes ADCB and VAB is ∗76.0∘∗*76.0^\circ*.

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