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Evaluate the following integrals: 1) integral cos(2x)dx 2) integral e^(2x-4)dx 3) integral e^(3x)dx

Mathematics

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Here are the evaluations of the integrals:

1) Evaluate ∫cos⁡(2x) dx\int \cos(2x)\,dx.

  1. Use u-substitution.

    Let u=2xu = 2x.
    Then, differentiate uu with respect to xx:

    dudx=2\frac{du}{dx} = 2 du=2 dxdu = 2\,dx dx=12 dudx = \frac{1}{2}\,du
  2. Substitute uu and dxdx into the integral.

    ∫cos⁡(u)(12 du)=12∫cos⁡(u) du\int \cos(u) \left(\frac{1}{2}\,du\right) = \frac{1}{2} \int \cos(u)\,du
  3. Integrate with respect to uu.

    The integral of cos⁡(u)\cos(u) is sin⁡(u)\sin(u).

    12sin⁡(u)+C\frac{1}{2} \sin(u) + C
  4. Substitute back u=2xu = 2x.

    12sin⁡(2x)+C\boxed{\frac{1}{2} \sin(2x) + C}

    2) Evaluate ∫e2x−4 dx\int e^{2x-4}\,dx.

  5. Use u-substitution.

    Let u=2x−4u = 2x-4.
    Then, differentiate uu with respect to xx:

    dudx=2\frac{du}{dx} = 2 du=2 dxdu = 2\,dx dx=12 dudx = \frac{1}{2}\,du
  6. Substitute uu and dxdx into the integral.

    ∫eu(12 du)=12∫eu du\int e^{u} \left(\frac{1}{2}\,du\right) = \frac{1}{2} \int e^{u}\,du
  7. Integrate with respect to uu.

    The integral of eue^u is eue^u.

    12eu+C\frac{1}{2} e^{u} + C
  8. Substitute back u=2x−4u = 2x-4.

    12e2x−4+C\boxed{\frac{1}{2} e^{2x-4} + C}

    3) Evaluate ∫e3x dx\int e^{3x}\,dx.

  9. Use u-substitution.

    Let u=3xu = 3x.
    Then, differentiate uu with respect to xx:

    dudx=3\frac{du}{dx} = 3 du=3 dxdu = 3\,dx dx=13 dudx = \frac{1}{3}\,du
  10. Substitute uu and dxdx into the integral.

    ∫eu(13 du)=13∫eu du\int e^{u} \left(\frac{1}{3}\,du\right) = \frac{1}{3} \int e^{u}\,du
  11. Integrate with respect to uu.

    The integral of eue^u is eue^u.

    13eu+C\frac{1}{3} e^{u} + C
  12. Substitute back u=3xu = 3x.

    13e3x+C\boxed{\frac{1}{3} e^{3x} + C}

    4) Evaluate ∫(2x+3)1/2 dx\int (2x+3)^{1/2}\,dx.

  13. Use u-substitution.

    Let u=2x+3u = 2x+3.
    Then, differentiate uu with respect to xx:

    dudx=2\frac{du}{dx} = 2 du=2 dxdu = 2\,dx dx=12 dudx = \frac{1}{2}\,du
  14. Substitute uu and dxdx into the integral.

    ∫u1/2(12 du)=12∫u1/2 du\int u^{1/2} \left(\frac{1}{2}\,du\right) = \frac{1}{2} \int u^{1/2}\,du
  15. Integrate with respect to uu using the power rule ∫xn dx=xn+1n+1+C\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C.

    12⋅u1/2+11/2+1+C=12⋅u3/23/2+C\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{u^{1/2+1}}{1/2+1} + C = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{u^{3/2}}{3/2} + C
  16. Simplify the expression.

    12⋅23u3/2+C=13u3/2+C\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{3} u^{3/2} + C = \frac{1}{3} u^{3/2} + C
  17. Substitute back u=2x+3u = 2x+3.

    13(2x+3)3/2+C\boxed{\frac{1}{3} (2x+3)^{3/2} + C}
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