Highlight four characteristics of subsistence farming in Ghana.

Four characteristics of subsistence farming in Ghana: 1. Small land holdings: Farmers typically cultivate small plots of land, often less than 2 hectares, which are usually fragmented and scattered. This limits the scale of production and the potential for mechanization. 2. Reliance on manual labor and simple tools: Most farming activities, such as land preparation, planting, weeding, and harvesting, are carried out using basic tools like hoes, cutlasses, and sickles. There is limited use of modern machinery or advanced technology. 3. Mixed cropping and intercropping: Farmers often grow a variety of crops simultaneously on the same plot of land. This practice, known as intercropping or mixed cropping, helps to ensure food security, maximize land use, and reduce the risk of total crop failure. Common crops include maize, cassava, yam, plantain, and vegetables. 4. Dependence on rainfall: Subsistence farming in Ghana is largely rain-fed, meaning agricultural activities are heavily dependent on the seasonal rainfall patterns. This makes farmers vulnerable to droughts or erratic rainfall, which can lead to crop failures and food shortages.