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From a point A, the angle of elevation of the top of a watch tower is 20°. From another point B which is 80m from the base of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 26°. Determin

Mathematics

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Here is the solution to the geometry problem:

1. From a point A, the angle of elevation of the top of a watch tower is 20°. From another point B which is 80m from the base of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 26°. Giving your answer to three decimal places, determine the height of the tower and hence calculate the distance between the points A and B if they are both on the same side as the base and lie on a straight line with the base of the tower. (3mks)

  1. Define variables and set up the first trigonometric equation.

    Let hh be the height of the tower.
    Let FF be the base of the tower and TT be the top of the tower.
    Point BB is 80 m80 \, \text{m} from the base of the tower, so FB=80 mFB = 80 \, \text{m}.
    The angle of elevation from BB to the top of the tower is 26∘26^\circ.
    In the right-angled triangle △TFB\triangle TFB:

    tan⁡(∠TBF)=TFFB\tan(\angle TBF) = \frac{TF}{FB} tan⁡(26∘)=h80\tan(26^\circ) = \frac{h}{80}
  2. Calculate the height of the tower, hh.

    h=80×tan⁡(26∘)h = 80 \times \tan(26^\circ) h=80×0.487725889h = 80 \times 0.487725889 h≈39.01807 mh \approx 39.01807 \, \text{m}

    Rounding to three decimal places, the height of the tower is:

    39.018 m\boxed{39.018 \, \text{m}}
  3. Set up the second trigonometric equation to find the distance from point A to the base of the tower.

    The angle of elevation from AA to the top of the tower is 20∘20^\circ.
    Let FAFA be the distance from point AA to the base of the tower.
    In the right-angled triangle △TFA\triangle TFA:

    tan⁡(∠TAF)=TFFA\tan(\angle TAF) = \frac{TF}{FA} tan⁡(20∘)=hFA\tan(20^\circ) = \frac{h}{FA}
  4. Calculate the distance FAFA.

    FA=htan⁡(20∘)FA = \frac{h}{\tan(20^\circ)}

    Using the unrounded value of h≈39.01807112 mh \approx 39.01807112 \, \text{m}:

    FA=39.018071120.363970234FA = \frac{39.01807112}{0.363970234} FA≈107.20690 mFA \approx 107.20690 \, \text{m}
  5. Calculate the distance between points A and B.

    Since both points A and B are on the same side of the tower, and B is closer to the tower (as its angle of elevation is larger), the distance between A and B is FA−FBFA - FB.

    dAB=FA−FBd_{AB} = FA - FB dAB=107.20690−80d_{AB} = 107.20690 - 80 dAB=27.20690 md_{AB} = 27.20690 \, \text{m}

    Rounding to three decimal places, the distance between A and B is:

    27.207 m\boxed{27.207 \, \text{m}}
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