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Given log base 3 = 0.4771 and log 2 = 0.3010, evaluate log 162 + log 36 - log 54

Mathematics

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Answer

2.0333

Step-by-step solution

5 steps

Here's the solution for question 1b:

  1. Combine the logarithms using the properties log⁡a+log⁡b=log⁡(ab)\log a + \log b = \log(ab) and log⁡a−log⁡b=log⁡(ab)\log a - \log b = \log\left(\frac{a}{b}\right).

    The given expression is log⁡162+log⁡36−log⁡54\log 162 + \log 36 - \log 54.
    This can be written as:

    log⁡(162×3654)\log \left(\frac{162 \times 36}{54}\right)
  2. Simplify the expression inside the logarithm.

    First, simplify the fraction 3654\frac{36}{54}. Both numbers are divisible by 18:

    3654=36÷1854÷18=23\frac{36}{54} = \frac{36 \div 18}{54 \div 18} = \frac{2}{3}

    Now substitute this back into the expression:

    log⁡(162×23)\log \left(162 \times \frac{2}{3}\right)

    Perform the multiplication:

    162×23=162×23=3243=108162 \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{162 \times 2}{3} = \frac{324}{3} = 108

    So the expression simplifies to log⁡108\log 108.

  3. Express 108 as a product of its prime factors (2 and 3).

    108=2×54108 = 2 \times 54 54=2×2754 = 2 \times 27 27=3×927 = 3 \times 9 9=3×39 = 3 \times 3

    Therefore, 108=2×2×3×3×3=22×33108 = 2 \times 2 \times 3 \times 3 \times 3 = 2^2 \times 3^3.

  4. Apply logarithm properties to expand log⁡108\log 108.

    Using the property log⁡(ab)=log⁡a+log⁡b\log(ab) = \log a + \log b:

    log⁡108=log⁡(22×33)=log⁡(22)+log⁡(33)\log 108 = \log (2^2 \times 3^3) = \log(2^2) + \log(3^3)

    Using the property log⁡(ab)=blog⁡a\log(a^b) = b \log a:

    log⁡(22)+log⁡(33)=2log⁡2+3log⁡3\log(2^2) + \log(3^3) = 2 \log 2 + 3 \log 3
  5. Substitute the given values for log⁡2\log 2 and log⁡3\log 3.

    Given log⁡3=0.4771\log 3 = 0.4771 and log⁡2=0.3010\log 2 = 0.3010.

    2log⁡2+3log⁡3=2(0.3010)+3(0.4771)2 \log 2 + 3 \log 3 = 2(0.3010) + 3(0.4771) =0.6020+1.4313= 0.6020 + 1.4313 =2.0333= 2.0333

    The final answer is 2.0333.

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