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Given that PQ:QR = 1:2, point Q divides the line segment PR in the ratio 1:2. Using the section formula for position vectors:

Mathematics

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Answer

QS⃗=83(r−p)\vec{QS} = \frac{8}{3}(\mathbf{r} - \mathbf{p})

Step-by-step solution

3 steps

Here's how to express QS⃗\vec{QS} in terms of p\mathbf{p} and r\mathbf{r}:

  1. Express OQ⃗\vec{OQ} in terms of p\mathbf{p} and r\mathbf{r}.

    Given that PQ:QR=1:2PQ:QR = 1:2, point Q divides the line segment PR in the ratio 1:21:2. Using the section formula for position vectors:

    OQ⃗=2OP⃗+1OR⃗1+2\vec{OQ} = \frac{2\vec{OP} + 1\vec{OR}}{1+2}

    Substitute OP⃗=p\vec{OP} = \mathbf{p} and OR⃗=r\vec{OR} = \mathbf{r}:

    OQ⃗=2p+r3\vec{OQ} = \frac{2\mathbf{p} + \mathbf{r}}{3}
  2. Express OS⃗\vec{OS} in terms of p\mathbf{p} and r\mathbf{r}.

    Given that PS=3PRPS = 3PR, this means the vector PS⃗\vec{PS} is 3 times the vector PR⃗\vec{PR}.

    PS⃗=3PR⃗\vec{PS} = 3\vec{PR}

    We know that PS⃗=OS⃗−OP⃗\vec{PS} = \vec{OS} - \vec{OP} and PR⃗=OR⃗−OP⃗\vec{PR} = \vec{OR} - \vec{OP}.

    OS⃗−OP⃗=3(OR⃗−OP⃗)\vec{OS} - \vec{OP} = 3(\vec{OR} - \vec{OP})

    Substitute OP⃗=p\vec{OP} = \mathbf{p} and OR⃗=r\vec{OR} = \mathbf{r}:

    OS⃗−p=3(r−p)\vec{OS} - \mathbf{p} = 3(\mathbf{r} - \mathbf{p}) OS⃗−p=3r−3p\vec{OS} - \mathbf{p} = 3\mathbf{r} - 3\mathbf{p} OS⃗=3r−3p+p\vec{OS} = 3\mathbf{r} - 3\mathbf{p} + \mathbf{p} OS⃗=3r−2p\vec{OS} = 3\mathbf{r} - 2\mathbf{p}
  3. Calculate QS⃗\vec{QS}.

    To find QS⃗\vec{QS}, we use the relationship QS⃗=OS⃗−OQ⃗\vec{QS} = \vec{OS} - \vec{OQ}.
    Substitute the expressions for OS⃗\vec{OS} and OQ⃗\vec{OQ} from Step 1 and Step 2:

    QS⃗=(3r−2p)−(2p+r3)\vec{QS} = (3\mathbf{r} - 2\mathbf{p}) - \left(\frac{2\mathbf{p} + \mathbf{r}}{3}\right) QS⃗=3r−2p−23p−13r\vec{QS} = 3\mathbf{r} - 2\mathbf{p} - \frac{2}{3}\mathbf{p} - \frac{1}{3}\mathbf{r}

    Combine the terms with p\mathbf{p} and r\mathbf{r}:

    QS⃗=(3−13)r+(−2−23)p\vec{QS} = \left(3 - \frac{1}{3}\right)\mathbf{r} + \left(-2 - \frac{2}{3}\right)\mathbf{p} QS⃗=(93−13)r+(−63−23)p\vec{QS} = \left(\frac{9}{3} - \frac{1}{3}\right)\mathbf{r} + \left(-\frac{6}{3} - \frac{2}{3}\right)\mathbf{p} QS⃗=83r−83p\vec{QS} = \frac{8}{3}\mathbf{r} - \frac{8}{3}\mathbf{p} QS⃗=83(r−p)\vec{QS} = \boxed{\frac{8}{3}(\mathbf{r} - \mathbf{p})}
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