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Calculate the gradients of the tangents to y = x2 at the points given by x = -1 1/2, -1, 1/2, 2 1/2, 7. (Use the gradient function 2x in each case.)

Mathematics

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Graph of y = x²

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Key points of y = x²
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Step-by-step solution

2 steps
  1. Convert the mixed numbers to improper fractions for easier calculation.

    The given x-values are x=−112x = -1\frac{1}{2}, −1-1, 12\frac{1}{2}, 2122\frac{1}{2}, 7.
    In fractional form, these are x=−32x = -\frac{3}{2}, −1-1, 12\frac{1}{2}, 52\frac{5}{2}, 7.

  2. Use the given gradient function $2x$ to calculate the gradient for each x-value.

    For x=−32x = -\frac{3}{2}:

    Gradient=2×(−32)=−3\text{Gradient} = 2 \times \left(-\frac{3}{2}\right) = -3

    For x=−1x = -1:

    Gradient=2×(−1)=−2\text{Gradient} = 2 \times (-1) = -2

    For x=12x = \frac{1}{2}:

    Gradient=2×(12)=1\text{Gradient} = 2 \times \left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = 1

    For x=52x = \frac{5}{2}:

    Gradient=2×(52)=5\text{Gradient} = 2 \times \left(\frac{5}{2}\right) = 5

    For x=7x = 7:

    Gradient=2×(7)=14\text{Gradient} = 2 \times (7) = 14

    The gradients of the tangents at the given points are:
    For x=−112x = -1\frac{1}{2}, the gradient is −3\boxed{-3}.
    For x=−1x = -1, the gradient is −2\boxed{-2}.
    For x=12x = \frac{1}{2}, the gradient is 1\boxed{1}.
    For x=212x = 2\frac{1}{2}, the gradient is 5\boxed{5}.
    For x=7x = 7, the gradient is 14\boxed{14}.

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