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Find the inverse of the matrix A = 1 & 1 3 & 1 .

Mathematics

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Answer

(−121232−12)\begin{pmatrix} -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{3}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \end{pmatrix}

y)=(4,3)y) = (4, 3)

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

5. Find the inverse of the matrix (1131)\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 3 & 1 \end{pmatrix}. Hence, determine the point of intersection of the lines y+x=7y+x=7 and 3x+y=153x+y=15.

  1. Find the inverse of the matrix A=(1131)A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 3 & 1 \end{pmatrix}.

    The determinant of AA is given by det⁡(A)=(1)(1)−(1)(3)=1−3=−2\det(A) = (1)(1) - (1)(3) = 1 - 3 = -2.
    The inverse matrix A−1A^{-1} is calculated as:

    A−1=1det⁡(A)(d−b−ca)A^{-1} = \frac{1}{\det(A)} \begin{pmatrix} d & -b \\ -c & a \end{pmatrix} A−1=1−2(1−1−31)A^{-1} = \frac{1}{-2} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ -3 & 1 \end{pmatrix} A−1=(−121232−12)A^{-1} = \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{3}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \end{pmatrix}

    The inverse of the matrix is (−121232−12)\boxed{\begin{pmatrix} -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{3}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \end{pmatrix}}.

  2. Write the system of linear equations in matrix form.

    The given equations are:
    x+y=7x+y=7
    3x+y=153x+y=15
    This can be written as AX=BAX=B:

    (1131)(xy)=(715)\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 3 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 7 \\ 15 \end{pmatrix}
  3. Use the inverse matrix to solve for XX.

    X=A−1BX = A^{-1}B (xy)=(−121232−12)(715)\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{3}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 7 \\ 15 \end{pmatrix}
  4. Perform the matrix multiplication.

    x=(−12)(7)+(12)(15)=−72+152=82=4x = \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)(7) + \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)(15) = -\frac{7}{2} + \frac{15}{2} = \frac{8}{2} = 4 y=(32)(7)+(−12)(15)=212−152=62=3y = \left(\frac{3}{2}\right)(7) + \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)(15) = \frac{21}{2} - \frac{15}{2} = \frac{6}{2} = 3

    The point of intersection is (x,y)=(4,3)(x, y) = \boxed{(4, 3)}.

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