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Let the tangent to the curve y = x3 − 2x2 − x + 5 at the points P and Q be parallel to the line y = -2x + 3. Find the coordinates of the points P and Q.

Mathematics

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Question 1: Let the tangent to the curve y=x3−2x2−x+5y = x^3 - 2x^2 - x + 5 at the points P and Q be parallel to the line y=−2x+3y = -2x + 3. Find the coordinates of the points P and Q.

Step 1: Find the derivative of the curve to get the slope of the tangent.

dydx=ddx(x3−2x2−x+5)=3x2−4x−1\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx}(x^3 - 2x^2 - x + 5) = 3x^2 - 4x - 1

Step 2: The tangent lines are parallel to y=−2x+3y = -2x + 3, so their slope is −2-2. Set the derivative equal to −2-2.

3x2−4x−1=−23x^2 - 4x - 1 = -2 3x2−4x+1=03x^2 - 4x + 1 = 0

Step 3: Solve the quadratic equation for xx.
We can factor the quadratic: (3x−1)(x−1)=0(3x-1)(x-1) = 0.
So, 3x−1=0  ⟹  x=133x-1=0 \implies x = \frac{1}{3} or x−1=0  ⟹  x=1x-1=0 \implies x = 1.

Step 4: Find the corresponding yy-coordinates for each xx value using the original curve equation y=x3−2x2−x+5y = x^3 - 2x^2 - x + 5.
For x=1x = 1:

y=(1)3−2(1)2−(1)+5=1−2−1+5=3y = (1)^3 - 2(1)^2 - (1) + 5 = 1 - 2 - 1 + 5 = 3

So, one point is (1,3)(1, 3).

For x=13x = \frac{1}{3}:

y=(13)3−2(13)2−(13)+5y = \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^3 - 2\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2 - \left(\frac{1}{3}\right) + 5 y=127−2(19)−13+5y = \frac{1}{27} - 2\left(\frac{1}{9}\right) - \frac{1}{3} + 5 y=127−29−13+5y = \frac{1}{27} - \frac{2}{9} - \frac{1}{3} + 5

To combine these, find a common denominator, which is 27:

y=127−627−927+13527y = \frac{1}{27} - \frac{6}{27} - \frac{9}{27} + \frac{135}{27} y=1−6−9+13527=12127y = \frac{1 - 6 - 9 + 135}{27} = \frac{121}{27}

So, the other point is (13,12127)\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{121}{27}\right).

The coordinates of the points P and Q are (13,12127)\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{121}{27}\right) and (1,3)(1, 3).
Comparing with the options, this matches option (B).

The final answer is (B) P(13,12127),Q(1,3)\boxed{\text{(B) P}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{121}{27}\right), \text{Q}(1, 3)}.

Question 2: The radius of a circle is increasing at a rate of 2.0 mm/sec2.0 \text{ mm/sec}. At what rate is the area increasing when radius is 100 mm100 \text{ mm}?

Step 1: Write down the formula for the area of a circle.

A=πr2A = \pi r^2

Step 2: Differentiate the area AA with respect to time tt using the chain rule.

dAdt=ddt(πr2)=2πrdrdt\frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt}(\pi r^2) = 2\pi r \frac{dr}{dt}

Step 3: Substitute the given values: drdt=2.0 mm/sec\frac{dr}{dt} = 2.0 \text{ mm/sec} and r=100 mmr = 100 \text{ mm}.

dAdt=2π(100 mm)(2.0 mm/sec)\frac{dA}{dt} = 2\pi (100 \text{ mm}) (2.0 \text{ mm/sec}) dAdt=400π mm2/sec\frac{dA}{dt} = 400\pi \text{ mm}^2\text{/sec}

Comparing with the options, this matches option (B).

The final answer is (B) 400π mm2/sec\boxed{\text{(B) } 400\pi \text{ mm}^2\text{/sec}}.

Question 3: Suppose the distance SS in centimetre travelled by a body after time tt in seconds is given by S=t2−3t+7S = t^2 - 3t + 7. Find the time at which the body comes to rest?

Step 1: The body comes to rest when its velocity is zero. Velocity vv is the derivative of distance SS with respect to time tt.

v=dSdt=ddt(t2−3t+7)=2t−3v = \frac{dS}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt}(t^2 - 3t + 7) = 2t - 3

Step 2: Set the velocity to zero and solve for tt.

2t−3=02t - 3 = 0 2t=32t = 3 t=32=1.5 sect = \frac{3}{2} = 1.5 \text{ sec}

Comparing with the options, this matches option (B).

The final answer is (B) 1.5 sec\boxed{\text{(B) } 1.5 \text{ sec}}.

Question 4: The turning point of the function y=x(x−1)2y = x(x-1)^2, at x=1x=1.

Step 1: Expand the function.

y=x(x2−2x+1)=x3−2x2+xy = x(x^2 - 2x + 1) = x^3 - 2x^2 + x

Step 2: Find the first derivative dydx\frac{dy}{dx}.

dydx=3x2−4x+1\frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^2 - 4x + 1

Step 3: Evaluate the first derivative at x=1x=1.

dydx∣x=1=3(1)2−4(1)+1=3−4+1=0\frac{dy}{dx}\Big|_{x=1} = 3(1)^2 - 4(1) + 1 = 3 - 4 + 1 = 0

Since dydx=0\frac{dy}{dx} = 0 at x=1x=1, it is a critical point.

Step 4: Find the second derivative d2ydx2\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}.

d2ydx2=ddx(3x2−4x+1)=6x−4\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \frac{d}{dx}(3x^2 - 4x + 1) = 6x - 4

Step 5: Evaluate the second derivative at x=1x=1.

d2ydx2∣x=1=6(1)−4=2\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}\Big|_{x=1} = 6(1) - 4 = 2

Since d2ydx2>0\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} > 0 at x=1x=1, the turning point is a minimum point.
Comparing with the options, this matches option (A).

The final answer is (A) is a minimum point\boxed{\text{(A) is a minimum point}}.

Question 5: If 3x2−5y2+2xy=73x^2 - 5y^2 + 2xy = 7, find dydx\frac{dy}{dx}?

Step 1: Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to xx using implicit differentiation.

ddx(3x2)−ddx(5y2)+ddx(2xy)=ddx(7)\frac{d}{dx}(3x^2) - \frac{d}{dx}(5y^2) + \frac{d}{dx}(2xy) = \frac{d}{dx}(7)
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