Long division is a method for dividing large numbers that breaks the process down into a series of simpler steps. It's particularly useful when you can't easily divide mentally or with a calculator.
The process involves repeatedly dividing, multiplying, subtracting, and bringing down digits from the dividend (the number being divided) to find the quotient (the result of the division) and the remainder (what's left over).
For example, to divide 125 by 5:
- How many times does 5 go into 1? Zero.
- How many times does 5 go into 12? Two times (2 × 5 = 10).
- Subtract 10 from 12, which leaves 2.
- Bring down the next digit (5) to make 25.
- How many times does 5 go into 25? Five times (5 × 5 = 25).
- Subtract 25 from 25, which leaves 0.
The quotient is 25 and the remainder is 0.
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