This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
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Question 1 Step 1: Determine the stroke volume (SV) from the pressure-volume diagram. SV is the difference between end-diastolic volume (EDV at point B) and end-systolic volume (ESV at point A). From the diagram: ESV = 50~mL, EDV = 150~mL SV = EDV - ESV = 150~mL - 50~mL = 100~mL/beat Step 2: Calculate cardiac output (CO). Heart rate (HR) = 70~beats/min. CO = SV × HR = 100~mL/beat × 70~beats/min = 7000~mL/min Answer: 7000 mL/min (E) 7000 Question 2 The second heart sound (S2) is caused by closure of the aortic valve at the end of ejection (point D) and start of isovolumetric relaxation. This occurs between point D and point A. Answer: Between point D and point A (D) D