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The diagram shows a cylindrical container of diameter 10 cm. It contains water to the depth of 4 cm. (i) Calculate the area of the container that is in contact with water. (ii) A solid cube of 6 cm sides is immersed into the cylinder. Calculate the new height of the level of water in the cylinder.

Mathematics

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2 parts
b(i)

204 cm2\text{204 cm}^2

b(ii)

6.75 cm\text{6.75 cm}

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

Part b(i)· 2 steps

  1. Identify the dimensions of the cylinder and the water.

    The diameter of the cylinder is 10 cm10 \text{ cm}, so the radius r=102=5 cmr = \frac{10}{2} = 5 \text{ cm}.
    The depth of the water is h=4 cmh = 4 \text{ cm}.
    The area of the container in contact with water consists of the circular base and the curved surface area up to the water level.
    Area in contact with water = Area of base + Curved surface area of water

    A=πr2+2πrhA = \pi r^2 + 2\pi rh
  2. Substitute the values into the formula and calculate the area.

    A=π(5 cm)2+2π(5 cm)(4 cm)A = \pi (5 \text{ cm})^2 + 2\pi (5 \text{ cm})(4 \text{ cm}) A=25π cm2+40π cm2A = 25\pi \text{ cm}^2 + 40\pi \text{ cm}^2 A=65π cm2A = 65\pi \text{ cm}^2 A≈65×3.14159265... cm2A \approx 65 \times 3.14159265... \text{ cm}^2 A≈204.2035... cm2A \approx 204.2035... \text{ cm}^2

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    A≈204 cm2A \approx 204 \text{ cm}^2

    The area of the container that is in contact with water is 204 cm2\boxed{\text{204 cm}^2}.

Part b(ii)

6.75 cm\text{6.75 cm}

  1. Calculate the initial volume of water in the cylinder.

    Initial volume of water Vw=πr2hV_w = \pi r^2 h

    Vw=π(5 cm)2(4 cm)V_w = \pi (5 \text{ cm})^2 (4 \text{ cm}) Vw=100π cm3V_w = 100\pi \text{ cm}^3
  2. Calculate the volume of the solid cube.

    The side of the cube is s=6 cms = 6 \text{ cm}.
    Volume of cube Vc=s3V_c = s^3

    Vc=(6 cm)3V_c = (6 \text{ cm})^3 Vc=216 cm3V_c = 216 \text{ cm}^3
  3. Determine the total volume when the cube is immersed.

    Since the side of the cube (6 cm) is less than the diameter of the cylinder (10 cm), the cube fits inside the cylinder. Also, the height of the cube (6 cm) is greater than the initial water depth (4 cm), but we need to check if the new water level will fully submerge the cube.
    The total volume occupied by water and the submerged cube is the sum of the initial water volume and the cube's volume.

    Vtotal=Vw+VcV_{total} = V_w + V_c Vtotal=100π cm3+216 cm3V_{total} = 100\pi \text{ cm}^3 + 216 \text{ cm}^3
  4. Calculate the new height of the water level.

    The new total volume will occupy the cylindrical container with the same base area. Let the new height be hnewh_{new}.

    Vtotal=πr2hnewV_{total} = \pi r^2 h_{new} 100π+216=π(5)2hnew100\pi + 216 = \pi (5)^2 h_{new} 100π+216=25πhnew100\pi + 216 = 25\pi h_{new}

    Solve for hnewh_{new}:

    hnew=100π+21625πh_{new} = \frac{100\pi + 216}{25\pi} hnew=100π25π+21625πh_{new} = \frac{100\pi}{25\pi} + \frac{216}{25\pi} hnew=4+21625πh_{new} = 4 + \frac{216}{25\pi} hnew≈4+21625×3.14159265...h_{new} \approx 4 + \frac{216}{25 \times 3.14159265...} hnew≈4+21678.5398...h_{new} \approx 4 + \frac{216}{78.5398...} hnew≈4+2.7490...h_{new} \approx 4 + 2.7490... hnew≈6.7490... cmh_{new} \approx 6.7490... \text{ cm}

    Since hnew≈6.75 cmh_{new} \approx 6.75 \text{ cm} is greater than the cube's height of 6 cm6 \text{ cm}, the cube is fully submerged, and our calculation is valid.
    Rounding to three significant figures:

    hnew≈6.75 cmh_{new} \approx 6.75 \text{ cm}

    The new height of the level of water in the cylinder is 6.75 cm\boxed{\text{6.75 cm}}.

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