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The diagram shows a prism, ABCDEF. AB = 13 cm, AC = 20 cm, CF = 24 cm and angle ABC = 90°. (a) Calculate the total surface area of the prism. (b) Calculate the angle that AF makes with the base BCPE.

Mathematics

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2 parts
a

1350 cm21350 \text{ cm}^2

b

24.6∘24.6^\circ

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

here's the solution to question 9:

Part a· 4 steps

Calculate the total surface area of the prism.

  1. Calculate the length of side BC using the Pythagorean theorem.

    In the right-angled triangle ABC (∠ABC=90∘\angle ABC = 90^\circ):

    AB2+BC2=AC2AB^2 + BC^2 = AC^2

    Given AB=13AB = 13 cm and AC=20AC = 20 cm.

    132+BC2=20213^2 + BC^2 = 20^2 169+BC2=400169 + BC^2 = 400 BC2=400−169BC^2 = 400 - 169 BC2=231BC^2 = 231 BC=231≈15.1987 cmBC = \sqrt{231} \approx 15.1987 \text{ cm}
  2. Calculate the area of the two triangular bases (ABC and DEF).

    The area of a right-angled triangle is 12×base×height\frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height}.

    Area△ABC=12×AB×BC\text{Area}_{\triangle ABC} = \frac{1}{2} \times AB \times BC Area△ABC=12×13 cm×231 cm\text{Area}_{\triangle ABC} = \frac{1}{2} \times 13 \text{ cm} \times \sqrt{231} \text{ cm} Area△ABC≈12×13×15.1987≈98.7916 cm2\text{Area}_{\triangle ABC} \approx \frac{1}{2} \times 13 \times 15.1987 \approx 98.7916 \text{ cm}^2

    The total area of the two bases is 2×98.7916=197.5832 cm22 \times 98.7916 = 197.5832 \text{ cm}^2.

  3. Calculate the area of the three rectangular faces.

    The height of the prism is CF=24CF = 24 cm.
    Area of face ABED:

    AreaABED=AB×AD=13 cm×24 cm=312 cm2\text{Area}_{ABED} = AB \times AD = 13 \text{ cm} \times 24 \text{ cm} = 312 \text{ cm}^2

    Area of face BCFE:

    AreaBCFE=BC×CF=231 cm×24 cm≈15.1987 cm×24 cm≈364.7688 cm2\text{Area}_{BCFE} = BC \times CF = \sqrt{231} \text{ cm} \times 24 \text{ cm} \approx 15.1987 \text{ cm} \times 24 \text{ cm} \approx 364.7688 \text{ cm}^2

    Area of face ACFD:

    AreaACFD=AC×CF=20 cm×24 cm=480 cm2\text{Area}_{ACFD} = AC \times CF = 20 \text{ cm} \times 24 \text{ cm} = 480 \text{ cm}^2
  4. Calculate the total surface area.

    Total Surface Area=(Area of 2 bases)+AreaABED+AreaBCFE+AreaACFD\text{Total Surface Area} = (\text{Area of 2 bases}) + \text{Area}_{ABED} + \text{Area}_{BCFE} + \text{Area}_{ACFD} Total Surface Area=197.5832+312+364.7688+480\text{Total Surface Area} = 197.5832 + 312 + 364.7688 + 480 Total Surface Area=1354.352 cm2\text{Total Surface Area} = 1354.352 \text{ cm}^2

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    Total Surface Area=1350 cm2\text{Total Surface Area} = \boxed{1350 \text{ cm}^2}

Part b

24.6∘24.6^\circ

Calculate the angle that AF makes with the base BCPE.

  1. Identify the relevant triangle and projection.

    The angle that line AF makes with the base BCPE (which is rectangle BCFE) is the angle between AF and its projection onto the base. Since AB is perpendicular to the base (as ∠ABC=90∘\angle ABC = 90^\circ and it's a right prism), the projection of A onto the base is B. Therefore, the projection of AF onto the base is BF. The angle required is ∠AFB\angle AFB.

  2. Calculate the length of BF.

    BF is the diagonal of the rectangle BCFE. In the right-angled triangle BCF:

    BF2=BC2+CF2BF^2 = BC^2 + CF^2

    We know BC2=231BC^2 = 231 and CF=24CF = 24 cm.

    BF2=231+242BF^2 = 231 + 24^2 BF2=231+576BF^2 = 231 + 576 BF2=807BF^2 = 807 BF=807≈28.4077 cmBF = \sqrt{807} \approx 28.4077 \text{ cm}
  3. Calculate ∠AFB\angle AFB.

    Consider the right-angled triangle ABF, where ∠ABF=90∘\angle ABF = 90^\circ.
    We have AB=13AB = 13 cm (opposite to ∠AFB\angle AFB) and BF=807BF = \sqrt{807} cm (adjacent to ∠AFB\angle AFB).
    Using the tangent function:

    tan⁡(∠AFB)=OppositeAdjacent=ABBF\tan(\angle AFB) = \frac{\text{Opposite}}{\text{Adjacent}} = \frac{AB}{BF} tan⁡(∠AFB)=13807\tan(\angle AFB) = \frac{13}{\sqrt{807}} tan⁡(∠AFB)≈1328.4077≈0.45761\tan(\angle AFB) \approx \frac{13}{28.4077} \approx 0.45761 ∠AFB=tan⁡−1(0.45761)\angle AFB = \tan^{-1}(0.45761) ∠AFB≈24.59∘\angle AFB \approx 24.59^\circ

    Rounding to one decimal place:

    ∠AFB=24.6∘\angle AFB = \boxed{24.6^\circ}
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