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The formula for permutations is ^kP_m = (k!)/((k-m)!).

Mathematics

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Answer

7\text{7}

Step-by-step solution

9 steps

Okay, let's solve (i).

We need to find nn given the equation nP4=20⋅nP2^nP_4 = 20 \cdot ^nP_2.
The formula for permutations is kPm=k!(k−m)!^kP_m = \frac{k!}{(k-m)!}.

  1. Write out the permutation terms using the formula.

    nP4=n!(n−4)!^nP_4 = \frac{n!}{(n-4)!} nP2=n!(n−2)!^nP_2 = \frac{n!}{(n-2)!}
  2. Substitute these expressions into the given equation.

    n!(n−4)!=20⋅n!(n−2)!\frac{n!}{(n-4)!} = 20 \cdot \frac{n!}{(n-2)!}
  3. Simplify the equation.

    Since n!n! is on both sides and n≥4n \ge 4 (for nP4^nP_4 to be defined), n!≠0n! \neq 0. We can divide both sides by n!n!.

    1(n−4)!=20(n−2)!\frac{1}{(n-4)!} = \frac{20}{(n-2)!}
  4. Express (n−2)!(n-2)! in terms of (n−4)!(n-4)!.

    We know that (n−2)!=(n−2)(n−3)(n−4)!(n-2)! = (n-2)(n-3)(n-4)!.

  5. Substitute this into the equation.

    1(n−4)!=20(n−2)(n−3)(n−4)!\frac{1}{(n-4)!} = \frac{20}{(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)!}
  6. Cancel (n−4)!(n-4)! from both sides.

    1=20(n−2)(n−3)1 = \frac{20}{(n-2)(n-3)}
  7. Solve for nn.

    (n−2)(n−3)=20(n-2)(n-3) = 20 n2−3n−2n+6=20n^2 - 3n - 2n + 6 = 20 n2−5n+6=20n^2 - 5n + 6 = 20 n2−5n−14=0n^2 - 5n - 14 = 0
  8. Solve the quadratic equation by factoring.

    We look for two numbers that multiply to -14 and add to -5. These numbers are -7 and 2.

    (n−7)(n+2)=0(n-7)(n+2) = 0

    This gives two possible solutions:

    n−7=0  ⟹  n=7n-7 = 0 \implies n = 7 n+2=0  ⟹  n=−2n+2 = 0 \implies n = -2
  9. Check for valid solutions.

    For nPr^nP_r to be defined, nn must be a non-negative integer and n≥rn \ge r. In this case, n≥4n \ge 4.
    The value n=7n=7 satisfies n≥4n \ge 4.
    The value n=−2n=-2 does not satisfy n≥4n \ge 4.

    Therefore, the only valid solution is n=7n=7.

    The value of nn is 7\boxed{\text{7}}.

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