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The GCD of three numbers is 30 and their LCM is 900. Two of the numbers are 60 and 150. Find the least possible value of the third number.

Mathematics

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Answers

3 parts
9

450\text{450}

10

12\frac{1}{2}

11
8

45∘45^\circ

Step-by-step solution

14 steps

here are the solutions to questions 9, 10, and 11:

Part 9· 4 steps

The GCD of three numbers is 30 and their LCM is 900. Two of the numbers are 60 and 150. We need to find the least possible value of the third number.

Let the three numbers be A,B,CA, B, C.
Given: A=60A = 60, B=150B = 150.
GCD(A,B,C)=30\text{GCD}(A, B, C) = 30
LCM(A,B,C)=900\text{LCM}(A, B, C) = 900

  1. Express the given numbers, GCD, and LCM as products of their prime factors.

    30=21×31×5130 = 2^1 \times 3^1 \times 5^1 900=9×100=32×102=32×(2×5)2=22×32×52900 = 9 \times 100 = 3^2 \times 10^2 = 3^2 \times (2 \times 5)^2 = 2^2 \times 3^2 \times 5^2 A=60=22×31×51A = 60 = 2^2 \times 3^1 \times 5^1 B=150=21×31×52B = 150 = 2^1 \times 3^1 \times 5^2

    Let the third number be C=2x×3y×5zC = 2^x \times 3^y \times 5^z.

  2. Use the properties of GCD to determine the minimum exponents.

    For GCD, the exponent of each prime factor is the minimum of its exponents in the numbers.

    GCD(A,B,C)=2min⁡(2,1,x)×3min⁡(1,1,y)×5min⁡(1,2,z)=21×31×51\text{GCD}(A, B, C) = 2^{\min(2, 1, x)} \times 3^{\min(1, 1, y)} \times 5^{\min(1, 2, z)} = 2^1 \times 3^1 \times 5^1

    This implies:

    • min⁡(2,1,x)=1  ⟹  x≥1\min(2, 1, x) = 1 \implies x \ge 1
    • min⁡(1,1,y)=1  ⟹  y≥1\min(1, 1, y) = 1 \implies y \ge 1
    • min⁡(1,2,z)=1  ⟹  z≥1\min(1, 2, z) = 1 \implies z \ge 1
  3. Use the properties of LCM to determine the maximum exponents.

    For LCM, the exponent of each prime factor is the maximum of its exponents in the numbers.

    LCM(A,B,C)=2max⁡(2,1,x)×3max⁡(1,1,y)×5max⁡(1,2,z)=22×32×52\text{LCM}(A, B, C) = 2^{\max(2, 1, x)} \times 3^{\max(1, 1, y)} \times 5^{\max(1, 2, z)} = 2^2 \times 3^2 \times 5^2

    This implies:

    • max⁡(2,1,x)=2  ⟹  x≤2\max(2, 1, x) = 2 \implies x \le 2
    • max⁡(1,1,y)=2  ⟹  y=2\max(1, 1, y) = 2 \implies y = 2 (since y≥1y \ge 1)
    • max⁡(1,2,z)=2  ⟹  z=2\max(1, 2, z) = 2 \implies z = 2 (since z≥1z \ge 1)
  4. Determine the least possible value for CC.

    To find the least possible value of CC, we choose the smallest possible exponents for x,y,zx, y, z that satisfy all conditions.

    • For xx: x≥1x \ge 1 and x≤2x \le 2. The smallest possible integer value is x=1x=1.
    • For yy: y=2y=2.
    • For zz: z=2z=2. So, C=21×32×52C = 2^1 \times 3^2 \times 5^2.
    C=2×9×25C = 2 \times 9 \times 25 C=18×25C = 18 \times 25 C=450C = 450

    The least possible value of the third number is 450\boxed{\text{450}}.

Part 10

12\frac{1}{2}

Solve for xx in the equation 27x×92x(13)x=81\frac{27^x \times 9^{2x}}{(\frac{1}{3})^x} = 81.

  1. Express all terms with a common base, which is 3.

    27=3327 = 3^3 9=329 = 3^2 13=3−1\frac{1}{3} = 3^{-1} 81=3481 = 3^4

    Substitute these into the equation:

    (33)x×(32)2x(3−1)x=34\frac{(3^3)^x \times (3^2)^{2x}}{(3^{-1})^x} = 3^4
  2. Apply the power rule (am)n=amn(a^m)^n = a^{mn}.

    33x×34x3−x=34\frac{3^{3x} \times 3^{4x}}{3^{-x}} = 3^4
  3. Apply the product rule am×an=am+na^m \times a^n = a^{m+n} in the numerator.

    33x+4x3−x=34\frac{3^{3x+4x}}{3^{-x}} = 3^4 37x3−x=34\frac{3^{7x}}{3^{-x}} = 3^4
  4. Apply the quotient rule aman=am−n\frac{a^m}{a^n} = a^{m-n}.

    37x−(−x)=343^{7x - (-x)} = 3^4 37x+x=343^{7x+x} = 3^4 38x=343^{8x} = 3^4
  5. Equate the exponents since the bases are the same.

    8x=48x = 4
  6. Solve for xx.

    x=48x = \frac{4}{8} x=12x = \frac{1}{2}

    The value of xx is 12\boxed{\frac{1}{2}}.

Part 118

The sum of interior angles of two regular polygons of sides nn and n+2n+2 are in the ratio 3:43:4. Calculate the value of nn and hence find the size of each exterior angle of the polygon with nn sides.

  1. Write the formula for the sum of interior angles of a polygon.

    The sum of interior angles of a polygon with kk sides is Sk=(k−2)×180∘S_k = (k-2) \times 180^\circ.

  2. Set up the ratio for the sums of interior angles.

    For the polygon with nn sides: Sn=(n−2)×180∘S_n = (n-2) \times 180^\circ.
    For the polygon with n+2n+2 sides: Sn+2=((n+2)−2)×180∘=n×180∘S_{n+2} = ((n+2)-2) \times 180^\circ = n \times 180^\circ.
    The ratio Sn:Sn+2=3:4S_n : S_{n+2} = 3:4 means:

    (n−2)×180∘n×180∘=34\frac{(n-2) \times 180^\circ}{n \times 180^\circ} = \frac{3}{4}
  3. Solve for nn.

    Cancel out 180∘180^\circ from the numerator and denominator:

    n−2n=34\frac{n-2}{n} = \frac{3}{4}

    Cross-multiply:

    4(n−2)=3n4(n-2) = 3n 4n−8=3n4n - 8 = 3n 4n−3n=84n - 3n = 8 n=8n = 8

    The value of nn is 8\boxed{8}.

  4. Find the size of each exterior angle of the polygon with nn sides.

    The polygon has n=8n=8 sides.
    The formula for each exterior angle of a regular polygon with kk sides is Ek=360∘kE_k = \frac{360^\circ}{k}.
    For the polygon with n=8n=8 sides:

    Exterior Angle=360∘8\text{Exterior Angle} = \frac{360^\circ}{8} Exterior Angle=45∘\text{Exterior Angle} = 45^\circ

    The size of each exterior angle of the polygon with nn sides is 45∘\boxed{45^\circ}.

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