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The parametric equation of a function are x = 2cos³θ, y = 2sin³θ. Find the equation of tangent and normal at the point for which θ = π/4 = 45°

Mathematics

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Answer

x+y−2=0x + y - \sqrt{2} = 0

x−y=0x - y = 0

Graph of y = 2(sin(θ))³

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Key points of y = 2(sin(θ))³
Pointθy
Maximum−4.712
x-intercept−3.140
Minimum−1.57−2
x-intercept00
Maximum1.572
x-intercept3.140
Minimum4.71−2

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

Voici les étapes pour trouver l'équation de la tangente et de la normale.

  1. Calculer les coordonnées du point pour θ=π4\theta = \frac{\pi}{4}

    On substitue θ=π4\theta = \frac{\pi}{4} dans les équations paramétriques x=2cos⁡3θx = 2\cos^3\theta et y=2sin⁡3θy = 2\sin^3\theta.
    On sait que cos⁡(π4)=22\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} et sin⁡(π4)=22\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}.

    x1=2(22)3=2(228)=2(24)=22x_1 = 2\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)^3 = 2\left(\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{8}\right) = 2\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\right) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} y1=2(22)3=2(228)=2(24)=22y_1 = 2\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)^3 = 2\left(\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{8}\right) = 2\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\right) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}

    Le point est donc P(22;22)P\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} ; \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right).

  2. Calculer les dérivées dxdθ\frac{dx}{d\theta} et dydθ\frac{dy}{d\theta}

    Pour x=2cos⁡3θx = 2\cos^3\theta:

    dxdθ=2⋅3cos⁡2θ⋅(−sin⁡θ)=−6cos⁡2θsin⁡θ\frac{dx}{d\theta} = 2 \cdot 3\cos^2\theta \cdot (-\sin\theta) = -6\cos^2\theta\sin\theta

    Pour y=2sin⁡3θy = 2\sin^3\theta:

    dydθ=2⋅3sin⁡2θ⋅(cos⁡θ)=6sin⁡2θcos⁡θ\frac{dy}{d\theta} = 2 \cdot 3\sin^2\theta \cdot (\cos\theta) = 6\sin^2\theta\cos\theta
  3. Calculer la pente de la tangente dydx\frac{dy}{dx}

    La pente de la tangente est donnée par dydx=dy/dθdx/dθ\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy/d\theta}{dx/d\theta}.

    dydx=6sin⁡2θcos⁡θ−6cos⁡2θsin⁡θ=−sin⁡θcos⁡θ=−tan⁡θ\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{6\sin^2\theta\cos\theta}{-6\cos^2\theta\sin\theta} = -\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta} = -\tan\theta

    Pour θ=π4\theta = \frac{\pi}{4}:

    mt=−tan⁡(π4)=−1m_t = -\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = -1
  4. Trouver l'équation de la tangente

    L'équation de la tangente est de la forme y−y1=mt(x−x1)y - y_1 = m_t(x - x_1).

    y−22=−1(x−22)y - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = -1\left(x - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right) y−22=−x+22y - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = -x + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} y=−x+22+22y = -x + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} y=−x+2y = -x + \sqrt{2}

    L'équation de la tangente est x+y−2=0\boxed{x + y - \sqrt{2} = 0}.

  5. Calculer la pente de la normale

    La pente de la normale mnm_n est l'opposé de l'inverse de la pente de la tangente.

    mn=−1mt=−1−1=1m_n = -\frac{1}{m_t} = -\frac{1}{-1} = 1
  6. Trouver l'équation de la normale

    L'équation de la normale est de la forme y−y1=mn(x−x1)y - y_1 = m_n(x - x_1).

    y−22=1(x−22)y - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = 1\left(x - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right) y−22=x−22y - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = x - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} y=xy = x

    L'équation de la normale est x−y=0\boxed{x - y = 0}.

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