What are the solutions to the following questions: 99. The phrase "against all odds" means . A. easily B. despite difficulties C. with much help D. without any problems 100. The phrase "called " me

Here are the solutions to the questions:

Question 99:
The phrase "against all odds" means despite very unfavorable circumstances or great difficulty.

• A. easily - contradicts "against all odds"
• B. despite difficulties - aligns with "against all odds"
• C. with much help - does not directly explain "against all odds"
• D. without any problems - contradicts "against all odds"

The option that best completes the gap is B. despite difficulties.

Question 100:
The phrase "called off" means cancelled. Given "due to unforeseen circumstances," a meeting would most logically be cancelled.

• A. off - forms the phrasal verb "called off" (cancelled)
• B. up - forms "called up" (summoned, telephoned)
• C. for - forms "called for" (required, demanded)
• D. in - forms "called in" (summoned to a place, asked for help)

The option that best completes the gap is A. off.

Mathematics Questions:

1. Convert $11011_2$ to base 10.
To convert a binary number to base 10, we multiply each digit by the corresponding power of 2 and sum the results.

The converted number is $\boxed{\text{27}}$.

2. Convert 58 base 10 to base 2.
To convert a base 10 number to base 2, we repeatedly divide the number by 2 and record the remainders. The binary number is formed by reading the remainders from bottom to top.

Reading the remainders from bottom to top gives $111010_2$.
The converted number is $\boxed{111010_2}$.

3. Add $1011_2$ and $111_2$.
We perform binary addition, carrying over when the sum is 2 or more.

  1011_2
+ 0111_2
-------
  10010_2

Step-by-step:

• Rightmost column: $1 + 1 = 10_2$. Write down 0, carry over 1.
• Second column: $1 + 1 + \text{carry } 1 = 11_2$. Write down 1, carry over 1.
• Third column: $0 + 1 + \text{carry } 1 = 10_2$. Write down 0, carry over 1.
• Leftmost column: $1 + 0 + \text{carry } 1 = 10_2$. Write down 0, carry over 1. The sum is $\boxed{10010_2}$.

4. Subtract $1001_2$ from $1110_2$.
We perform binary subtraction, borrowing from the left when needed.

  1110_2
- 1001_2
-------
  0101_2

Step-by-step:

• Rightmost column: $0 - 1$. We need to borrow. The 1 in the $2^1$ position becomes 0, and the 0 in the $2^0$ position becomes $10_2$ (which is 2 in base 10). So, $10_2 - 1_2 = 1_2$.
• Second column: The original 1 became 0 due to borrowing. So, $0 - 0 = 0$.
• Third column: $1 - 0 = 1$.
• Leftmost column: $1 - 1 = 0$. The difference is $\boxed{101_2}$.

5. Multiply $11_2$ by $101_2$.
We perform binary multiplication similar to decimal multiplication.

   101_2
 x  11_2
-------
   101   (101_2 * 1_2)
+ 1010   (101_2 * 1_2, shifted one position left)
-------
  1111_2

Step-by-step:

• Multiply $101_2$ by the rightmost digit of $11_2$ (which is $1_2$): $101_2 \times 1_2 = 101_2$.
• Multiply $101_2$ by the leftmost digit of $11_2$ (which is $1_2$), and shift the result one position to the left: $101_2 \times 1_2 = 101_2$, shifted becomes $1010_2$.
• Add the partial products: $101_2 + 1010_2 = 1111_2$. The product is $\boxed{1111_2}$.