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Use the First Principle to differentiate the following f(x) = 3x² − 4x + 2 and f(x) = sqrt(x)

Mathematics

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To differentiate using the First Principle, we use the definition:

f′(x)=lim⁡h→0f(x+h)−f(x)hf'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h}

1. Differentiate f(x)=3x2−4x+2f(x) = 3x^2 - 4x + 2

  1. Find f(x+h)f(x+h).

    f(x+h)=3(x+h)2−4(x+h)+2f(x+h) = 3(x+h)^2 - 4(x+h) + 2 f(x+h)=3(x2+2xh+h2)−4x−4h+2f(x+h) = 3(x^2 + 2xh + h^2) - 4x - 4h + 2 f(x+h)=3x2+6xh+3h2−4x−4h+2f(x+h) = 3x^2 + 6xh + 3h^2 - 4x - 4h + 2
  2. Find f(x+h)−f(x)f(x+h) - f(x).

    f(x+h)−f(x)=(3x2+6xh+3h2−4x−4h+2)−(3x2−4x+2)f(x+h) - f(x) = (3x^2 + 6xh + 3h^2 - 4x - 4h + 2) - (3x^2 - 4x + 2) f(x+h)−f(x)=3x2+6xh+3h2−4x−4h+2−3x2+4x−2f(x+h) - f(x) = 3x^2 + 6xh + 3h^2 - 4x - 4h + 2 - 3x^2 + 4x - 2 f(x+h)−f(x)=6xh+3h2−4hf(x+h) - f(x) = 6xh + 3h^2 - 4h
  3. Divide by hh.

    f(x+h)−f(x)h=6xh+3h2−4hh\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \frac{6xh + 3h^2 - 4h}{h} f(x+h)−f(x)h=h(6x+3h−4)h\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \frac{h(6x + 3h - 4)}{h} f(x+h)−f(x)h=6x+3h−4\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = 6x + 3h - 4
  4. Take the limit as h→0h \to 0.

    f′(x)=lim⁡h→0(6x+3h−4)f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} (6x + 3h - 4) f′(x)=6x+3(0)−4f'(x) = 6x + 3(0) - 4 f′(x)=6x−4f'(x) = 6x - 4

    The derivative of f(x)=3x2−4x+2f(x) = 3x^2 - 4x + 2 is 6x−4\boxed{6x - 4}.

    2. Differentiate f(x)=xf(x) = \sqrt{x}

  5. Find f(x+h)f(x+h).

    f(x+h)=x+hf(x+h) = \sqrt{x+h}
  6. Find f(x+h)−f(x)f(x+h) - f(x).

    f(x+h)−f(x)=x+h−xf(x+h) - f(x) = \sqrt{x+h} - \sqrt{x}
  7. Divide by hh.

    f(x+h)−f(x)h=x+h−xh\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \frac{\sqrt{x+h} - \sqrt{x}}{h}
  8. Take the limit as h→0h \to 0.

    To evaluate this limit, multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the numerator.

    f′(x)=lim⁡h→0x+h−xh×x+h+xx+h+xf'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{x+h} - \sqrt{x}}{h} \times \frac{\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x}} f′(x)=lim⁡h→0(x+h)−xh(x+h+x)f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{(x+h) - x}{h(\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x})} f′(x)=lim⁡h→0hh(x+h+x)f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h}{h(\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x})}

    Cancel hh from the numerator and denominator:

    f′(x)=lim⁡h→01x+h+xf'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x}}

    Substitute h=0h=0:

    f′(x)=1x+0+xf'(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x+0} + \sqrt{x}} f′(x)=1x+xf'(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{x}} f′(x)=12xf'(x) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}

    The derivative of f(x)=xf(x) = \sqrt{x} is 12x\boxed{\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}}.

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