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Define variables for the number of students in each region of the Venn diagram.

Mathematics

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Answer

10 students\text{10 students}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Define variables for the number of students in each region of the Venn diagram.

    Let VV, TT, and HH represent the sets of students who played Volleyball, Tennis, and Hockey, respectively.
    Let VoV_o be the number of students who played Volleyball only.
    Let ToT_o be the number of students who played Tennis only.
    Let HoH_o be the number of students who played Hockey only.
    Let VToVT_o be the number of students who played Volleyball and Tennis only (not Hockey).
    Let VHoVH_o be the number of students who played Volleyball and Hockey only (not Tennis).
    Let THoTH_o be the number of students who played Tennis and Hockey only (not Volleyball).
    Let VTHVTH be the number of students who played all three games (∣V∩T∩H∣|V \cap T \cap H|). This is the value we need to find.
    Let N0N_0 be the number of students who played none of the games.

  2. Translate the given information into equations.

    We are given:

    • Total students = 122
    • ∣V∣=59|V| = 59
    • ∣T∣=58|T| = 58
    • ∣H∣=53|H| = 53
    • Vo=28V_o = 28
    • ∣V∩T∣=22  ⟹  VTo+VTH=22|V \cap T| = 22 \implies VT_o + VTH = 22
    • ∣T∩H∣=27  ⟹  THo+VTH=27|T \cap H| = 27 \implies TH_o + VTH = 27
    • N0=VTHN_0 = VTH (Those who did not play any games were equal to those who played all three games).
  3. Express unknown regions in terms of VTHVTH.

    From the intersection data:
    VTo=22−VTHVT_o = 22 - VTH
    THo=27−VTHTH_o = 27 - VTH

    Now use the total for each sport:
    For Volleyball: ∣V∣=Vo+VTo+VHo+VTH=59|V| = V_o + VT_o + VH_o + VTH = 59
    Substitute Vo=28V_o = 28 and VTo=22−VTHVT_o = 22 - VTH:
    28+(22−VTH)+VHo+VTH=5928 + (22 - VTH) + VH_o + VTH = 59
    50+VHo=5950 + VH_o = 59
    VHo=59−50=9VH_o = 59 - 50 = 9

    For Hockey: ∣H∣=Ho+VHo+THo+VTH=53|H| = H_o + VH_o + TH_o + VTH = 53
    Substitute VHo=9VH_o = 9 and THo=27−VTHTH_o = 27 - VTH:
    Ho+9+(27−VTH)+VTH=53H_o + 9 + (27 - VTH) + VTH = 53
    Ho+36=53H_o + 36 = 53
    Ho=53−36=17H_o = 53 - 36 = 17

    For Tennis: ∣T∣=To+VTo+THo+VTH=58|T| = T_o + VT_o + TH_o + VTH = 58
    Substitute VTo=22−VTHVT_o = 22 - VTH and THo=27−VTHTH_o = 27 - VTH:
    To+(22−VTH)+(27−VTH)+VTH=58T_o + (22 - VTH) + (27 - VTH) + VTH = 58
    To+49−VTH=58T_o + 49 - VTH = 58
    To=58−49+VTH=9+VTHT_o = 58 - 49 + VTH = 9 + VTH

  4. Use the total number of students to find VTHVTH.

    The sum of all distinct regions must equal the total number of students:
    Total students = Vo+To+Ho+VTo+VHo+THo+VTH+N0V_o + T_o + H_o + VT_o + VH_o + TH_o + VTH + N_0
    Substitute all expressions in terms of VTHVTH and N0=VTHN_0 = VTH:

    122=28+(9+VTH)+17+(22−VTH)+9+(27−VTH)+VTH+VTH122 = 28 + (9 + VTH) + 17 + (22 - VTH) + 9 + (27 - VTH) + VTH + VTH

    Combine the constant terms:

    28+9+17+22+9+27=11228 + 9 + 17 + 22 + 9 + 27 = 112

    Combine the VTHVTH terms:

    VTH−VTH−VTH+VTH+VTH=VTHVTH - VTH - VTH + VTH + VTH = VTH

    So the equation becomes:

    122=112+VTH122 = 112 + VTH VTH=122−112VTH = 122 - 112 VTH=10VTH = 10
  5. State the final advice.

    The number of students who played all three games is VTH=10VTH = 10. The bursary is awarded to students who can play all three games.

    The coach should forward 10 students\boxed{\text{10 students}} for consideration of the bursary.

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