X3-6x+3=0

Mathematics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Step 1: The given equation is the depressed cubic x36x+3=0x^3 - 6x + 3 = 0 or x3+px+q=0x^3 + px + q = 0 where p=6p = -6, q=3q = 3.

Step 2: Compute the discriminant Δ0=(q2)2+(p3)3.\Delta_0 = \left( \frac{q}{2} \right)^2 + \left( \frac{p}{3} \right)^3. Substitute q=3q = 3, p=6p = -6: q2=32,(32)2=94,\frac{q}{2} = \frac{3}{2}, \quad \left( \frac{3}{2} \right)^2 = \frac{9}{4}, p3=63=2,(2)3=8.\frac{p}{3} = \frac{-6}{3} = -2, \quad (-2)^3 = -8. Then Δ0=948=94324=234<0.\Delta_0 = \frac{9}{4} - 8 = \frac{9}{4} - \frac{32}{4} = -\frac{23}{4} < 0. Since Δ0<0\Delta_0 < 0, there are three distinct real roots.

Step 3: Compute r=p3.r = \sqrt{ -\frac{p}{3} }. Substitute p=6p = -6: p3=63=2,r=2.-\frac{p}{3} = \frac{6}{3} = 2, \quad r = \sqrt{2}.

Step 4: Compute cosϕ=q/2r3.\cos \phi = \frac{ -q/2 }{ r^3 }. First, r3=(2)3=22,r^3 = (\sqrt{2})^3 = 2\sqrt{2}, q2=32.-\frac{q}{2} = -\frac{3}{2}. Then cosϕ=3/222=342.\cos \phi = \frac{ -3/2 }{ 2\sqrt{2} } = -\frac{3}{4\sqrt{2}}. Rationalize: 34222=328.-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}} = -\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8}. So ϕ=arccos(328).\phi = \arccos\left( -\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8} \right).

Step 5: The roots are xk=22cos(13arccos(328)2πk3),k=0,1,2.x_k = 2\sqrt{2} \cos\left( \frac{1}{3} \arccos\left( -\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8} \right) - \frac{2\pi k}{3} \right), \quad k = 0,1,2.

Final answers: x=22cos(13arccos(328)2πk3), k=0,1,2\boxed{ x = 2\sqrt{2} \cos\left( \frac{1}{3} \arccos\left( -\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8} \right) - \frac{2\pi k}{3} \right),\ k=0,1,2 }

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