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Find the magnitude and R, given forces F1=10, F2=15, F3=20, F4=50 and angles.

Physics

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Answer

56.66 units56.66 \text{ units}

255.3∘255.3^\circ

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force, we will resolve each force into its x and y components, sum these components, and then calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector.

Based on the diagram:

  • F1=10F_1 = 10 units at an angle of 30∘30^\circ from the positive x-axis.
  • F2=50F_2 = 50 units at an angle of 270∘270^\circ (vertically downwards) from the positive x-axis.
  • F3=20F_3 = 20 units at an angle of 240∘240^\circ (180∘+60∘180^\circ + 60^\circ) from the positive x-axis.
  • F4=15F_4 = 15 units at an angle of 150∘150^\circ from the positive x-axis.
  1. Resolve each force into its x and y components.

    The x-component of a force FF at angle θ\theta is Fx=Fcos⁡(θ)F_x = F \cos(\theta), and the y-component is Fy=Fsin⁡(θ)F_y = F \sin(\theta).

    For F1=10F_1 = 10 at θ1=30∘\theta_1 = 30^\circ:

    F1x=10cos⁡(30∘)=10×32≈8.660 unitsF_{1x} = 10 \cos(30^\circ) = 10 \times \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \approx 8.660 \text{ units} F1y=10sin⁡(30∘)=10×12=5.000 unitsF_{1y} = 10 \sin(30^\circ) = 10 \times \frac{1}{2} = 5.000 \text{ units}

    For F2=50F_2 = 50 at θ2=270∘\theta_2 = 270^\circ:

    F2x=50cos⁡(270∘)=50×0=0 unitsF_{2x} = 50 \cos(270^\circ) = 50 \times 0 = 0 \text{ units} F2y=50sin⁡(270∘)=50×(−1)=−50.000 unitsF_{2y} = 50 \sin(270^\circ) = 50 \times (-1) = -50.000 \text{ units}

    For F3=20F_3 = 20 at θ3=240∘\theta_3 = 240^\circ:

    F3x=20cos⁡(240∘)=20×(−12)=−10.000 unitsF_{3x} = 20 \cos(240^\circ) = 20 \times (-\frac{1}{2}) = -10.000 \text{ units} F3y=20sin⁡(240∘)=20×(−32)≈−17.321 unitsF_{3y} = 20 \sin(240^\circ) = 20 \times (-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) \approx -17.321 \text{ units}

    For F4=15F_4 = 15 at θ4=150∘\theta_4 = 150^\circ:

    F4x=15cos⁡(150∘)=15×(−32)≈−12.990 unitsF_{4x} = 15 \cos(150^\circ) = 15 \times (-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) \approx -12.990 \text{ units} F4y=15sin⁡(150∘)=15×12=7.500 unitsF_{4y} = 15 \sin(150^\circ) = 15 \times \frac{1}{2} = 7.500 \text{ units}
  2. Sum the x-components and y-components to find the resultant components (∑Fx\sum F_x and ∑Fy\sum F_y).

    ∑Fx=F1x+F2x+F3x+F4x\sum F_x = F_{1x} + F_{2x} + F_{3x} + F_{4x} ∑Fx=8.660+0−10.000−12.990=−14.330 units\sum F_x = 8.660 + 0 - 10.000 - 12.990 = -14.330 \text{ units} ∑Fy=F1y+F2y+F3y+F4y\sum F_y = F_{1y} + F_{2y} + F_{3y} + F_{4y} ∑Fy=5.000−50.000−17.321+7.500=−54.821 units\sum F_y = 5.000 - 50.000 - 17.321 + 7.500 = -54.821 \text{ units}
  3. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force (RR).

    R=(∑Fx)2+(∑Fy)2R = \sqrt{(\sum F_x)^2 + (\sum F_y)^2} R=(−14.330)2+(−54.821)2R = \sqrt{(-14.330)^2 + (-54.821)^2} R=205.3489+3005.349641R = \sqrt{205.3489 + 3005.349641} R=3210.698541≈56.663 unitsR = \sqrt{3210.698541} \approx 56.663 \text{ units}
  4. Calculate the direction of the resultant force (θR\theta_R).

    Since both ∑Fx\sum F_x and ∑Fy\sum F_y are negative, the resultant force lies in the third quadrant.
    The reference angle α\alpha with the negative x-axis is given by:

    tan⁡(α)=∣∑Fy∑Fx∣=∣−54.821−14.330∣≈3.8256\tan(\alpha) = \left| \frac{\sum F_y}{\sum F_x} \right| = \left| \frac{-54.821}{-14.330} \right| \approx 3.8256 α=arctan⁡(3.8256)≈75.34∘\alpha = \arctan(3.8256) \approx 75.34^\circ

    The angle θR\theta_R measured counter-clockwise from the positive x-axis is:

    θR=180∘+α=180∘+75.34∘=255.34∘\theta_R = 180^\circ + \alpha = 180^\circ + 75.34^\circ = 255.34^\circ

    The magnitude of the resultant force is 56.66 units\boxed{56.66 \text{ units}} and its direction is 255.3∘\boxed{255.3^\circ} from the positive x-axis.

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