Technology has enabled the development of modern materials that often surpass natural materials in specific properties like strength, durability, weight, or resistance to corrosion and extreme temperatures. This allows for materials to be engineered for specific applications. For example: Plastics* (polymers) have replaced wood, metal, and glass in many packaging, construction, and consumer goods due to their light weight, low cost, and moldability. Synthetic fibers* like nylon and polyester have largely replaced natural fibers such as cotton and wool in many clothing and industrial applications because of their enhanced durability, water resistance, and wrinkle resistance. Composite materials* (e.g., carbon fiber composites) are replacing metals in aerospace and automotive industries, offering higher strength-to-weight ratios.