Use the actual hydro electric circuit

Here's the electrical analogy for the hydraulic system, which is often referred to as an "equivalent electrical circuit" in fluid power. This maps hydraulic parameters to electrical ones (e.g., pressure to voltage, flow to current).

c) Equivalent Electrical Circuit (Analogy) to the Hydraulic System:

The electrical analogy represents the hydraulic system's behavior using electrical components:

• Hydraulic Pressure $\leftrightarrow$ Electrical Voltage
• Hydraulic Flow $\leftrightarrow$ Electrical Current
• Resistance to Flow $\leftrightarrow$ Electrical Resistance
• Fluid Volume/Accumulation $\leftrightarrow$ Electrical Capacitance

Based on these analogies, the circuit can be described as follows:

1. Hydraulic Pump (5) + Electric Motor (6): Represented by a DC Voltage Source ($V_P$), which provides a constant pressure (voltage) to the circuit.
2. Reservoir (1): Represented by Ground, the common return path for current (fluid).
3. Filter (8): Represented by a Resistor ($R_F$) connected in series with the voltage source, causing a voltage drop (pressure drop).
4. Pressure Relief Valve (7): Represented by a Zener Diode ($D_Z$) connected in parallel across the main pressure line (after $R_F$) to ground. This component limits the maximum voltage (pressure) in the circuit by shunting excess current (flow) to ground when the voltage threshold is reached.
5. Single-Acting Cylinders (9): Each cylinder is represented by a Resistor ($R_{SA}$) in parallel with the main pressure line and connected to ground. These resistors represent the resistance to flow as the cylinders extend. (A more detailed analogy might include a capacitor in series with the resistor to represent the volume change and spring return).
6. Flow Control Valve (4): Represented by a Variable Resistor ($R_{FCV}$) connected in series with the branch leading to the double-acting cylinder. This controls the current (flow) to the cylinder, thus regulating its speed.
7. 4/2-way Directional Control Valve (3): Represented by a Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) Switch (SW1). This switch takes the main pressure line (after $R_{FCV}$) and the ground connection, and routes them to the two "ports" of the double-acting cylinder.
   • In one position, it connects the pressure line to one cylinder port and the other cylinder port to ground.
   • In the other position, it reverses these connections, directing pressure to the second port and connecting the first port to ground.
8. Double-Acting Cylinder (2): This is represented by two Capacitors ($C_{DA1}$, $C_{DA2}$), representing the two chambers that accumulate fluid volume, and a Resistor ($R_{load}$) connected between the common point of the capacitors. The resistor represents the mechanical load opposing the piston's movement.