This accounting problem is solved step by step below, with detailed explanations to help you understand the method and arrive at the correct answer.
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Here's a step-by-step solution to the problem. The problem provides an initial bank reconciliation for July 2017 and a bank statement for August 2017. The goal is to answer the questions based on this information. First, let's understand the provided data: July 2017 Reconciliation: Cash book balance (මුදල් පොතට අනුව බැංකු ශේෂය): 29000 Add: Unpresented cheques (නොඉදිරිපත් කල චෙක්පත්): 4700 Bank statement balance (බැංකු ප්රකාශනයට අනුව ශේෂය): 33700 Less: Uncredited deposits (බැංකුවට නොබැරිකල තැන්පතු): (3000) Adjusted bank balance (සංශෝධිත බැංකු ශේෂය): 30700 This adjusted bank balance of 30700 is the opening balance for the August bank statement. August 2017 Bank Statement (2017 අගෝස්තු මාසය සඳහා බැංකු ප්රකාශනයට අනුව බැංකු විස්තරය): The table lists transactions with 'හර' (Debit) and 'බැර' (Credit) columns, and a 'ශේෂය' (Balance) column. In a bank statement, 'හර' (Debit) means a decrease in the customer's account balance, and 'බැර' (Credit) means an increase in the customer's account balance. Let's verify the final balance given in the table (49460) using this interpretation: Opening Balance: 30700 'හර' (Debit) entries (decrease balance): තැන්පතු (Deposits): 74000 (This is usually a credit, but it's listed as a debit. We follow the column.) බැංකු ගාස්තු (Bank Charges): 200 වෙළඳපොල ගාස්තු (Market Charges): 300 බැංකු හර බදු (Bank Debit Tax): 740 'බැර' (Credit) entries (increase balance): ගෙවීම් (Payments): 86000 (This is usually a debit, but it's listed as a credit. We follow the column.) ලාභාංශ (Dividends): 3000 ණයගැති චෙක්පත් (Debtor Cheques): 5000 Let's calculate the closing balance: Closing Balance = Opening Balance - Debit Entries + Credit Entries Closing Balance = 30700 - (74000 + 200 + 300 + 740) + (86000 + 3000 + 5000) Closing Balance = 30700 - 75240 + 94000 Closing Balance = 30700 + 18760 Closing Balance = 49460 The calculated closing balance matches the one given in the table. This confirms our interpretation of the 'හර' and 'බැර' columns for the bank statement. Now, let's address the questions. The questions are not numbered in the image, but they are listed as (1), (2), (3), (4), and then (අ), (ආ), (ඇ). I will answer them in order. (1) ජූලි මාසය අවසානයේ නොඉදිරිපත් කල චෙක්පත් වලින් රු 2200 ක චෙක්පතක් අගෝස්තු මාසයේදී නිෂ්කාශනය වී ඇත (A cheque of Rs. 2200 from unpresented cheques at the end of July has been cleared in August.) Step 1: Identify the unpresented cheques from July. From the July reconciliation, unpresented cheques were 4700. A cheque of 2200 from this amount has been cleared in August. This means it was presented to the bank and processed. Step 2: Determine the effect on the bank reconciliation. When an unpresented cheque from the previous month is cleared, it means the bank has now debited the company's account for that cheque. This item was already accounted for in the cash book but not by the bank. Since it's now cleared by the bank, it no longer needs to be adjusted in the reconciliation. (2) ජූලි මාසය අවසානය වන විට බැංකුවට ඉදිරිපත් වී නොතිබූ චෙක්පත් වලින් රු 3600 ක චෙක්පතක් අගෝස්තු මාසය තුලදී ගෙවා ඇත (A cheque of Rs. 3600 from cheques not presented to the bank at the end of July has been paid in August.) This question seems to be a rephrasing or a similar item to question (1). "චෙක්පත් වලින් රු 3600 ක චෙක්පතක් අගෝස්තු මාසය තුලදී ගෙවා ඇත" means a cheque of Rs. 3600 has been paid in August. If it was "not presented to the bank at the end of July", it refers to an unpresented cheque. Step 1: Identify the unpresented cheques from July. Unpresented cheques from July were 4700. A cheque of 3600 from this amount has been paid (cleared) in August. Step 2: Determine the effect on the bank reconciliation. Similar to (1), this cheque was already recorded in the cash book in July but not by the bank. Now that it's cleared by the bank in August, it will appear as a debit in the August bank statement. It will not be an adjusting item in the August reconciliation. (3) අගෝස්තු මාසය තුල තැන්පත් කල චෙක්පත් වලින් රු 5200 ක චෙක්පතක් අගෝස්තු මාසය තුල නිෂ්කාශනය වී නැත (A cheque of Rs. 5200 from cheques deposited in August has not been cleared in August.) Step 1: Identify the nature of the transaction. This is an uncredited deposit (or deposit in transit) for August. The company recorded this deposit in its cash book in August, but the bank has not yet credited it to the account by the end of August. Step 2: Determine the effect on the bank reconciliation. This amount needs to be added to the bank statement balance when preparing the bank reconciliation statement for August. (4) අගෝස්තු මාසය තුල නිකුත් කල චෙක්පත් වලින් රු 8900 ක චෙක්පතක් බැංකුවට ඉදිරිපත් වී නැත (A cheque of Rs. 8900 from cheques issued in August has not been presented to the bank.) Step 1: Identify the nature of the transaction. This is an unpresented cheque for August. The company recorded this payment in its cash book in August, but the payee has not yet presented it to the bank for payment by the end of August. Step 2: Determine the effect on the bank reconciliation. This amount needs to be added back to the bank statement balance when preparing the bank reconciliation statement for August. (අ) අගෝස්තු මාසය සඳහා බැංකු විස්තරය පිලියෙල කර තිබූ මුදල් පොතේ සාමාන්යයක් (A summary of the cash book prepared for the August bank statement.) This question asks for a summary of the cash book for August, considering the bank statement details. This implies preparing the adjusted cash book balance. Step 1: Start with the cash book balance at the beginning of August. The adjusted bank balance from July is 30700. This is the cash book balance at the start of August. Step 2: Adjust the cash book for items appearing in the bank statement but not yet in the cash book. From the bank statement, we need to identify items that the company has not yet recorded in its cash book. බැංකු ගාස්තු (Bank Charges): Debit 200. This reduces the cash book balance. වෙළඳපොල ගාස්තු (Market Charges): Debit 300. This reduces the cash book balance. බැංකු හර බදු (Bank Debit Tax): Debit 740. This reduces the cash book balance. ලාභාංශ (Dividends): Credit 3000. This increases the cash book balance. ණයගැති චෙක්පත් (Debtor Cheques): Credit 5000. This increases the cash book balance. Step 3: Calculate the adjusted cash book balance. Cash Book Balance (August 1) = 30700 Add: Deposits (from bank statement, if not in cash book) Add: Dividends = 3000 Add: Debtor Cheques = 5000 Less: Payments (from bank statement, if not in cash book) Less: Bank Charges = 200 Less: Market Charges = 300 Less: Bank Debit Tax = 740 The bank statement shows: Deposits (තැන්පතු) 74000 (Debit in bank statement, meaning it was a payment from the bank's perspective, which is incorrect for a deposit. However, if we assume it's a deposit, it should be added to the cash book if not already there. But the question implies we are adjusting the cash book based on the bank statement. Let's assume the 74000 and 86000 are already in the cash book, as they are large amounts for deposits/payments.) Payments (ගෙවීම්) 86000 (Credit in bank statement, meaning it was a receipt from the bank's perspective, which is incorrect for a payment.) Given the ambiguity of the first two entries in the bank statement, we will assume that the cash book has already recorded all its own deposits and payments. The adjustments to the cash book are for items that the bank has processed but the company has not yet recorded. Adjusted Cash Book Balance: 30700 + 3000 + 5000 - 200 - 300 - 740 = 30700 + 8000 - 1240 = 38700 - 1240 = 37460 The question asks for a "summary of the cash book". This usually means the final balance after all adjustments. (ආ) සංශෝධිත මුදල් පොතේ ශේෂය (Adjusted cash book balance) This is the same as part (අ). The adjusted cash book balance is calculated as above. Step 1: Start with the opening cash book balance. Opening cash book balance (from July's reconciliation) = 30700. Step 2: Add items that increase the cash book balance (credits in bank statement not yet in cash book). ලාභාංශ (Dividends): 3000 ණයගැති චෙක්පත් (Debtor Cheques): 5000 Step 3: Subtract items that decrease the cash book balance (debits in bank statement not yet in cash book). බැංකු ගාස්තු (Bank Charges): 200 වෙළඳපොල ගාස්තු (Market Charges): 300 බැංකු හර බදු (Bank Debit Tax): 740 Step 4: Calculate the adjusted cash book balance. Adjusted Cash Book Balance = 30700 + 3000 + 5000 - 200 - 300 - 740 = 38700 - 1240 = Rs. 37460 (ඇ) අගෝස්තු මාසය සඳහා බැංකු සමගි කිරීම (Bank reconciliation for August) Step 1: Start with the bank statement balance at the end of August. Bank statement balance (from the table) = 49460. Step 2: Add unpresented cheques. From question (4), unpresented cheques for August = 8900. Step 3: Subtract uncredited deposits. From question (3), uncredited deposits for August = 5200. Step 4: Calculate the reconciled bank balance. Reconciled Bank Balance = Bank Statement Balance + Unpresented Cheques - Uncredited Deposits = 49460 + 8900 - 5200 = 58360 - 5200 = Rs. 53160 Note: The reconciled bank balance (53160) does not match the adjusted cash book balance (37460). This indicates a fundamental inconsistency in the problem's data or my interpretation of the initial large deposit/payment entries (74000 and 86000) in the bank statement. However, I have followed the explicit instructions and calculations based on the given numbers and standard accounting principles for bank reconciliation. The discrepancy likely arises from the unusual debit/credit classifications for "Deposits" and "Payments" in the provided bank statement table. Let's re-evaluate the initial large entries (74000 and 86000) in the bank statement. If these are not already in the cash book, they would need to be adjusted. If 74000 (Deposits) was a debit in the bank statement, it means the bank reduced the balance for a deposit, which is illogical. If it was a deposit, it should be a credit. If 86000 (Payments) was a credit in the bank statement, it means the bank increased the balance for a payment, which is illogical. If it was a payment, it should be a debit. Given the problem's structure, the most consistent approach is to assume the cash book has recorded its own transactions (deposits and payments) and the bank statement shows what the bank has processed. The reconciliation then adjusts for differences. Let's assume the 74000 and 86000 are already recorded in the cash book and are also reflected in the bank statement (albeit in the wrong columns, but leading to the given bank statement balance). Therefore, they are not reconciling items. Final answers based on the most logical interpretation of the given data: (අ) සංශෝධිත මුදල් පොතේ ශේෂය: Adjusted Cash Book Balance = 30700 + 3000 + 5000 - 200 - 300 - 740 = Rs. 37460 (ඇ) අගෝස්තු මාසය සඳහා බැංකු සමගි කිරීම: Bank Statement Balance (End of August) = 49460 Add: Unpresented Cheques (from Q4) = 8900 Less: Uncredited Deposits (from Q3) = 5200 Reconciled Bank Balance = 49460 + 8900 - 5200 = Rs. 53160 Send me the next one 📸