Where does respiration occur in?

Here are the answers to your questions:

1. Where does respiration occur in?

   • i) Animals:
     • Lungs (e.g., mammals, birds)
     • Skin (e.g., amphibians, earthworms)
     • Gills (e.g., fish, crabs)
   • ii) Plants:
     • Leaves (through stomata)
     • Roots (through root hair cells)
     • Stem (through lenticels and general surface cells)

2. Give some differences on how respiration is manifested in plants and animals.

   • Animals:
     • Have specialized organs (lungs, gills, skin) for gas exchange.
     • Exhibit active breathing (inhalation and exhalation) to facilitate gas exchange.
     • Generally have a higher metabolic rate and thus a greater demand for oxygen.
   • Plants:
     • Lack specialized organs for gas exchange; it occurs through general surfaces like stomata, lenticels, and root surfaces.
     • Do not exhibit active breathing; gas exchange occurs primarily by diffusion.
     • Generally have a lower metabolic rate and thus a lower demand for oxygen compared to animals.

3. What is the difference between sensitivity in plants and animals?

   • Sensitivity is the ability of an organism to sense and respond to changes or stimuli in its environment.
   • Animals:
     • Possess well-developed nervous systems and specialized sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, etc.) for rapid and complex detection of stimuli.
     • Responses are often quick and involve locomotion or muscular movements.
   • Plants:
     • Lack a nervous system and specialized sense organs.
     • Responses are generally slower and involve growth movements (tropisms) or changes in turgor pressure, rather than locomotion.

4. Growth:

   • Growth is an irreversible increase in the size, mass, and complexity of an organism, resulting from processes like cell division, cell enlargement, and differentiation.