A) (i) The phylum to which specimens R (crab) and Q (scorpion) belong is Arthropoda.

a) (i) The phylum to which specimens R (crab) and Q (scorpion) belong is Arthropoda.

a) (ii) Two reasons for this answer are:

• They both have an exoskeleton made of chitin.
• They both have segmented bodies and jointed appendages.

b) (i)
R (crab) belongs to the class Crustacea.
Q (scorpion) belongs to the class Arachnida.

b) (ii)
Reasons for R (Crustacea):

• Its body is divided into a cephalothorax and abdomen.
• It possesses two pairs of antennae.

Reasons for Q (Arachnida):

• Its body is divided into a cephalothorax and abdomen.
• It possesses four pairs of walking legs and lacks antennae.