Describe the adaptations of a root hair cell for water absorption and list three forces responsible for upward water movement in plants.

2.1 Identify part labelled

a) B: Nucleus

b) D: Cell membrane

2.2 Name the:

a) modified epidermal tissue responsible for the absorption of water: Root hair cell

b) THREE forces that are responsible for upward movement of water from the roots to the leaves:

• Transpiration pull
• Capillary action
• Root pressure

2.3 Explain THREE ways in which the root hair cell is suited for the absorption of water

• The root hair cell has a long, thin extension, which significantly increases its surface area for water absorption from the soil.
• It has a thin cell wall and cell membrane, allowing for a short diffusion distance for water to move into the cell.
• The cell contains a large central vacuole with a high concentration of dissolved solutes, creating a lower water potential inside the cell than in the surrounding soil, which drives water absorption by osmosis.

2.4 Tabulate ONE structural difference in relation to permeability of parts A and C

Part	Permeability
A (Vacuole membrane/Tonoplast)	Selectively permeable
C (Cell wall)	Fully permeable