This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.

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a) (i) The fish is a bony fish (e.g., Tilapia). (ii) • I: Mouth • II: Pectoral fin • IV: Dorsal fin • V: Eye (iii) The habitat of the fish is aquatic (water). (iv) • Part III (Pelvic fin): The pelvic fins help the fish to balance, brake, and steer in the water, allowing for precise movement and stability in its aquatic environment. • Part VI (Operculum/Gill cover): The operculum protects the delicate gills and facilitates respiration by pumping water over the gills, ensuring a continuous flow of oxygenated water for gas exchange.
b) (i) The diagram represents a soil profile. (ii) • I: Topsoil (or Humus layer) • II: Subsoil • III: Weathered rock (or Parent material) • IV: Bedrock (iii) • (α) The part richest in humus is I. • (β) The habitat for soil organisms is I. • (γ) The part that undergoes weathering is III. (iv) Heavy rainfall on part I (topsoil) can lead to soil erosion, washing away valuable topsoil and nutrients, and potentially causing leaching of minerals deeper into the soil.
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This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.