Answer the following questions about the diagram provided: a) Identify the type of fish shown and label parts I, II, IV, and V. Describe its habitat and explain the functions of Part III and Part VI.

Here are the answers to your questions.

a)

(i) The fish is a bony fish (e.g., Tilapia).

(ii)

• I: Mouth
• II: Pectoral fin
• IV: Dorsal fin
• V: Eye

(iii) The habitat of the fish is aquatic (water).

(iv)

• Part III (Pelvic fin): The pelvic fins help the fish to balance, brake, and steer in the water, allowing for precise movement and stability in its aquatic environment.
• Part VI (Operculum/Gill cover): The operculum protects the delicate gills and facilitates respiration by pumping water over the gills, ensuring a continuous flow of oxygenated water for gas exchange.

b)

(i) The diagram represents a soil profile.

(ii)

• I: Topsoil (or Humus layer)
• II: Subsoil
• III: Weathered rock (or Parent material)
• IV: Bedrock

(iii)

• (α) The part richest in humus is I.
• (β) The habitat for soil organisms is I.
• (γ) The part that undergoes weathering is III.

(iv) Heavy rainfall on part I (topsoil) can lead to soil erosion, washing away valuable topsoil and nutrients, and potentially causing leaching of minerals deeper into the soil.