What is anterior tibial compartment syndrome and what causes it?

Anterior tibial compartment syndrome, also known as shin splints or Fresher's syndrome, occurs when muscles in the front of the lower leg swell due to sudden overuse, especially in untrained individuals or those who don't warm up. This swelling happens within a tight, unyielding compartment, increasing pressure. This pressure then compresses the anterior tibial artery, reducing blood supply to the muscles (ischemia), which causes pain. It's commonly seen in "freshers" like new medical students or army recruits who are made to run excessively.