c. Complete the table below regarding the endocrine system

Here are the completed table and explanations for the clinical correlations:

c. Complete the table below regarding the endocrine system

Gland	Hormone	Stimulus	Target organ	Function	Clinical correlation
Pancreas	1. Insulin	RBS > 10 mmol/L	Liver	2. Glucose uptake and storage	Type 1 Diabetes
3. Thyroid gland	T3/T4	4. TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)	Heart	Tachycardia, increased metabolic rate	5. Hyperthyroidism
Adrenal cortex	6. Aldosterone	7. Low blood pressure/volume	Kidney	Na+ uptake, Water uptake	Hypertension
8. Posterior pituitary	ADH (Vasopressin)	Thirst	9. Kidney (collecting ducts)	Water uptake	10. Diabetes insipidus

d. Comment briefly on the following clinical correlations

• Cushing syndrome Cushing syndrome is a disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It can result from an adrenal tumor, pituitary tumor (Cushing's disease), or long-term use of corticosteroid medications. Symptoms include weight gain, a rounded face ("moon face"), a fat pad between the shoulders ("buffalo hump"), and high blood pressure.

• Pheochromocytoma Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla that leads to the overproduction of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine). This excess causes symptoms such as episodic or sustained high blood pressure, palpitations, sweating, and severe headaches.

• Gigantism Gigantism is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height, caused by the overproduction of growth hormone (GH) during childhood or adolescence, before the growth plates in bones have fused. This leads to abnormally tall stature and enlarged organs.

• Gynaecomastia Gynaecomastia is the benign enlargement of breast tissue in males. It is caused by an imbalance of estrogen and androgens, where estrogen levels are relatively higher. It can occur physiologically during infancy, puberty, or old age, or pathologically due to certain medical conditions or medications.