c) Various parts of plants are used as planting materials for vegetative propagation, allowing new plants to grow from a part of the parent plant rather than from seeds.

Here's a discussion of various parts used as planting materials: c) Various parts of plants are used as planting materials for vegetative propagation, allowing new plants to grow from a part of the parent plant rather than from seeds. • Stem Cuttings: Sections of stems, usually 15-30 cm long, are cut and planted directly into the soil. They develop roots and shoots to form a new plant. Example: Sugarcane, Cassava, Roses. • Stem Tubers: Swollen underground stems that store food and have 'eyes' (buds) from which new shoots can grow. Example: Potato. • Root Tubers: Swollen roots that store food and have adventitious buds at the stem end from which new shoots can arise. Example: Sweet potato, Dahlia. • Rhizomes: Horizontal underground stems that grow just below the soil surface. They have nodes from which roots and shoots develop. Example: Ginger, Canna. • Corms: Short, swollen, underground stems that are solid and store food. They have nodes and internodes, and buds grow from the top to produce new plants. Example: Gladiolus, Crocus. • Bulbs: Underground storage organs consisting of a short, flattened stem base with fleshy leaves (scales) that store food. Buds within the bulb grow into new plants. Example: Onion, Garlic, Lily. • Suckers/Offsets: Young shoots that arise from the base of the parent plant or from underground stems. They can be detached and planted as new individuals. Example: Banana, Pineapple, Sisal. • Leaves: In some plants, new plantlets can develop directly from the margins or veins of leaves. Example: Bryophyllum (Mother of Thousands), Begonia.