Cell A: Sperm cell* (Spermatozoon)

Here are the answers to your questions:

a) i)

• Cell A: Sperm cell (Spermatozoon)
• Cell B: White blood cell (Leukocyte, specifically a Neutrophil)
• Cell C: Nerve cell (Neuron)

a) ii)

• I: Acrosome
• II: Nucleus
• III: Tail (Flagellum)
• IV: Midpiece
• V: Head (composed of acrosome and nucleus)
• VII (top): Cell body (Soma)
• VII (middle): Myelin sheath
• VIII: Axon terminal (Synaptic knob)

a) iii)
(Note: Part VI is not labelled in the diagram. For part VII, there are two distinct structures labelled VII; functions for both are provided.)

• I (Acrosome): Contains enzymes that digest the outer layers of the egg, allowing the sperm to penetrate for fertilization.
• III (Tail): Provides motility, enabling the sperm to swim towards the egg.
• VII (Cell body): Contains the nucleus and organelles, responsible for synthesizing proteins and receiving nerve impulses.
• VII (Myelin sheath): Insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.

b) i)

• Cell A (Sperm cell): Found in the testes (where they are produced) and the male reproductive tract.
• Cell B (White blood cell): Found in the bloodstream, lymphatic system, and tissues.
• Cell C (Nerve cell): Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body (nervous system).

b) ii)

• Cell A (Sperm cell): Essential for sexual reproduction, as it carries the male genetic material to fertilize an egg.
• Cell B (White blood cell): Crucial for the immune system, defending the body against pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
• Cell C (Nerve cell): Important for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body, enabling communication, sensation, thought, and movement.