Cell wall and cell membrane:

Here are the functions of the plant cell components:

1. Cell wall and cell membrane:

   • The cell wall provides structural support, protection, and maintains the shape of the plant cell. It is fully permeable.
   • The cell membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It is selectively permeable.

2. Nucleus:

   • The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities, growth, and reproduction.

3. Chloroplasts:

   • Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy (glucose).

4. Vacuole:

   • The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products. It also helps maintain turgor pressure, keeping the cell firm.

5. Cytoplasm:

   • The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell, surrounding the organelles. Many metabolic reactions occur here.

6. Mitochondria:

   • Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy (ATP) for the cell's functions.