Explain the concepts of hand mating and pasture mating in animal breeding.

g)

i) Explanation of breeding systems: * ($\alpha$) Hand mating: This is a controlled breeding system where the male and female animals are intentionally brought together by a handler for mating. It allows for precise record-keeping and selection of breeding pairs. * ($\beta$) Pasture mating: This is an uncontrolled breeding system where male and female animals are allowed to roam freely together in a pasture, and mating occurs naturally without direct human intervention.