Describe the digestive and respiratory systems of mammals, including feed types, nutrients, and gas exchange.

Question

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a)

(i) Mention one type of feed given to each of the animals labelled A, B and C.
- A (Cow): Grass
- B (Rabbit): Hay
- C (Chicken): Grains
(ii) Name one nutrient each from the types of feed mentioned in (i).
- From grass (for cow): Carbohydrates
- From hay (for rabbit): Fibre
- From grains (for chicken): Protein
(iii) Give one function each of the nutrient named in (ii).
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy for metabolic activities.
- Fibre: Aids digestion and maintains gut health.
- Protein: Essential for growth and repair of body tissues.
(iv) Which of the animals in Fig. 1(a) can be classified as a ruminant?
- Animal A (Cow)

b)

(i) Name the parts labelled I, II, III, IV and V.
- I: Larynx
- II: Trachea
- III: Bronchus
- IV: Bronchioles
- V: Alveoli
(ii) Give one function each of the parts labelled II, III and V.
- II (Trachea): Provides a clear airway for air to pass to and from the lungs.
- III (Bronchus): Carries air from the trachea into the lungs.
- V (Alveoli): Site of gas exchange between the lungs and the bloodstream.
(iii) Name the most important gas during the process of respiration that is:
- ( $\alpha$ ) used by the body: Oxygen
- ( $\beta$ ) brought out from the body: Carbon dioxide

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