Describe the fate of the end product of digestion 8 marks
Biology
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The end products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system and transported to cells throughout the body.
- Carbohydrates: Broken down into monosaccharides like glucose. Glucose is then used by cells for energy through cellular respiration. Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, or converted to fat.
- Proteins: Broken down into amino acids. Amino acids are used to build and repair tissues, synthesize enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. If needed, amino acids can be deaminated and used for energy or converted to glucose or fat.
- Fats: Broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. These are absorbed into the lymphatic system (as chylomicrons) and then enter the bloodstream. They are used for energy, stored as adipose tissue for long-term energy reserves, insulation, and organ protection, or used to synthesize cell membranes and certain hormones.
- Vitamins, Minerals, and Water: Absorbed directly into the bloodstream and used by cells for various metabolic processes, maintaining fluid balance, and nerve function.
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