State four reasons for dehorning cattle. State four harmful effects of keds. State four components for artificial colostrum. List four sprayer maintenance practices. List four fish feeds. State two re

Here are the answers to the questions in Section A:

1. State four reasons for dehorning cattle.

   • To prevent injuries to other cattle.
   • To prevent injuries to farm handlers.
   • To reduce damage to farm equipment and facilities.
   • To make cattle easier to handle and transport.

2. State four harmful effects of keds.

   • Cause irritation and stress to the host animal.
   • Lead to blood loss, potentially causing anemia.
   • Damage the wool or hide, reducing its quality.
   • Can cause reduced weight gain and milk production.

3. State four components required in preparation of artificial colostrum.

   • Eggs (as a source of protein and antibodies)
   • Whole milk or milk replacer
   • Vitamins (e.g., A, D, E)
   • Minerals (e.g., selenium, iron)

4. List four maintenance practices carried out on sprayers.

   • Cleaning nozzles and filters after each use.
   • Checking for leaks in hoses, connections, and the tank.
   • Calibrating the sprayer regularly to ensure accurate application.
   • Lubricating moving parts of the pump and other components.

5. List four materials that are fed to fish.

   • Fish meal
   • Soybean meal
   • Corn meal
   • Wheat flour

6. State two reasons for each of the following practices carried out in a brooder: a) Providing litter on the floor * To absorb moisture and droppings, keeping the brooder dry. * To provide insulation and warmth for the chicks. b) Maintaining a round brooder board * To prevent chicks from piling up and smothering in corners. * To ensure even distribution of heat and easier access to feed and water.

7. List four developmental stages of a tsetse fly.

   • Egg (hatches internally within the female)
   • Larva (develops internally, deposited as a third-instar larva)
   • Pupa (puparium stage, formed after deposition)
   • Adult