Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and the pancreas to release enzymes after a fatty meal?

Here are the solutions to the questions:

4. A patient stops breathing sharply when the examiner presses under the right costal margin. Which condition is MOST likely?
This describes Murphy's sign, which is a classic indicator of acute cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder.

• B) Acute cholecystitis

5. A patient is to have an upper GI endoscopy tomorrow at Korle Ba Teaching Hospital. Which instruction should the nurse give?
For an upper GI endoscopy, the patient must fast for several hours before the procedure to ensure the stomach is empty and to prevent aspiration. Dentures should also be removed.

• A) Fast for 6 to 8 hours before the test and remove any dentures

6. After a liver biopsy, the nurse should position the patient:
After a liver biopsy, the patient should lie on their right side to apply pressure to the biopsy site, which helps to prevent bleeding and hematoma formation. This position is typically maintained for 2 to 4 hours while vital signs are monitored.

• A) Lie on the right side for 2 to 4 hours while vital signs are checked often

7. A patient who had a barium meal tells the nurse that his stool is white. What is the BEST response?
Barium is a contrast agent that is not absorbed by the body and is excreted in the stool, causing it to appear white or light-colored for a few days. Encouraging fluids helps to flush the barium out of the system.

• D) Explain that white stool is expected for a few days and encourage fluids

8. A 60-year-old man presents with black, tarry stools. This is documented as:
Black, tarry stools, known as melena, are indicative of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The blood is digested as it passes through the GI system, giving it the characteristic black, tarry appearance.

• C) Melaena, from the upper GI tract

9. Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and the pancreas to release enzymes after a fatty meal?
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone released by the duodenum in response to the presence of fats and proteins. It stimulates the gallbladder to contract, releasing bile, and the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes.

• A) Cholecystokinin

10. A nurse caring for a patient with suspected perforated ulcer finds a rigid, board-like abdomen with rebound tenderness. These findings indicate:
A rigid, board-like abdomen with rebound tenderness is a classic sign of peritonitis, which is inflammation of the peritoneum. This often occurs when an abdominal organ, such as a perforated ulcer, leaks its contents into the peritoneal cavity.

• B) Peritoneal irritation, as in perforation

Part B: Fill in the blanks

1. The muscular tube from the mouth to the anus is called the gastrointestinal tract.
2. The portal vein carries blood from the intestines to the liver before it enters the general circulation.